Matching
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Match the terms to the descriptions. a. | Johann
Gutenberg | b. | predestination | c. | Leonardo da Vinci | d. | Isaac
Newton | e. | Niccolò Machiavelli | f. | Flanders | g. | Nicolaus
Copernicus | h. | Florence | i. | sect | j. | theocracy |
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1.
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a religious group that has broken away from an established church
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2.
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wrote a guide for rulers on how to gain and keep power
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3.
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a government run by religious leaders
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4.
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proposed a heliocentric model of the universe
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5.
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an artist who made sketches of flying machines centuries before the first
airplane
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6.
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showed that gravity keeps planets in orbit
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7.
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started a printing revolution
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8.
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the idea that God long ago decided who would be saved and who would not
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9.
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the city that produced many Renaissance artists and scholars with the support
of the Medici family
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10.
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a thriving trading region where the northern Renaissance began
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Multiple Choice
Identify the
choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
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11.
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Which statement best describes the ideal woman according to writer Baldassare
Castiglione?
a. | Her inner goodness transcends her outward beauty. | b. | Her outward beauty
reflects her inner goodness. | c. | She should have knowledge of literature and
history. | d. | She should be athletic but not muscular. |
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12.
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Who described architecture as a “social art” meant to combine beauty
with utility and improvement of society?
a. | Sebastiano Serlio | c. | Francesco di Giorgio Martini | b. | Leon
Alberti | d. | Andrea
Palladio |
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13.
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The city of Geneva became a model of Protestant morality under its leader
a. | John Calvin. | b. | Martin Luther. | c. | Ulrich
Zwingli. |
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14.
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As a result of the Peace of Augsburg in 1555,
a. | Martin Luther was excommunicated from the Catholic Church. | b. | each German prince
could decide the religion for his lands. | c. | the Catholic Church made a series of
reforms. |
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15.
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The pope set up the Council of Trent to
a. | translate the Bible into the vernacular. | b. | fight Protestantism
by rooting out heresy. | c. | direct the reform of the Catholic
Church. |
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16.
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Today’s Baptists, Mennonites, and Amish can all trace their religious
ancestry to the
a. | Calvinists. | c. | Church of England. | b. | Anabaptists. | d. | Jesuits. |
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17.
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Many scholars agree that between 1450 and 1750 people’s beliefs in both
Christianity and magic led to
a. | a new spiritualism centered in nature. | b. | a strong allegiance to spiritual
leaders. | c. | the persecution of people as witches. | d. | the rise of radical religious
sects. |
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18.
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How did Martin Luther react when peasant rebels took up his banner as a means of
bringing about social change in Germany?
a. | He denounced the peasants, and the rebellion was suppressed. | b. | He urged a
compromise between the peasants and nobility. | c. | He announced he would not take sides in the
conflict. | d. | He took the side of the peasants against the
nobility. |
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19.
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One way that Renaissance artists reflected the new ideas of humanism was by
painting
a. | stylized rather than realistic people. | b. | large, Gothic-style
buildings. | c. | well-known people of the day. |
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20.
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Who assembled a library of Greek and Roman manuscripts preserving the works of
Cicero, Homer, and Virgil?
a. | Francesco Petrarch | c. | Francis Bacon | b. | Thomas Cranmer | d. | Thomas More |
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21.
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The inventor who perfected the microscope and was the first person to see cells
and microorganisms was
a. | Robert Boyle | c. | Ambroise Paré | b. | Anton van Leeuwenhoek | d. | Andreas
Vesalius |
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22.
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What humanist of Northern Europe wrote about his vision of an ideal society, in
which people live in peace and harmony?
a. | François Rabelais | c. | William Shakespeare | b. | Sir Thomas More | d. | Desiderius
Erasmus |
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23.
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The calculations of astronomer Johannes Kepler showed that
a. | Earth spins alone at the center of the universe. | b. | the four moons of
Venus move slowly around that planet. | c. | the heavens are in a fixed position in relation
to Earth. | d. | the planets move around the sun in oval orbits. |
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24.
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In the scientific method, a hypothesis is a
a. | truth known at the start of an inquiry. | b. | possible explanation
to be tested. | c. | conclusion that should not be questioned. | d. | truth that leads to
understanding. |
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25.
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The main goal of the Jesuits was to
a. | defend, restore, and spread the Catholic faith. | b. | end corruption
within the Catholic Church. | c. | reform Spanish convents and
monasteries. | d. | end the growth of Calvinism in England. |
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26.
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What changes did the Catholic Church make during the Catholic
Reformation?
a. | It restored a version of the Book of Common Prayer. | b. | It stopped using the
Inquisition to fight Protestantism. | c. | It revised and updated many traditional
Catholic beliefs. | d. | It provided penalties for corruption among the
clergy. |
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27.
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René Descartes believed that the best way to learn truth was to use
a. | observation. | b. | reason. | c. | experimentation. |
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28.
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The age of great change marked by renewed interest in classical learning and the
arts is called the
a. | Middle Ages. | c. | Reformation. | b. | Renaissance. | d. | Medieval
Enlightenment. |
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29.
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Sir Thomas More was executed because he
a. | would not stand with Henry VIII against the Protestant revolt. | b. | protested the
corruption of the Roman Catholic Church. | c. | would not accept Henry VIII as head of the
Church in England. |
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30.
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What triggered the events that resulted in the formation of the Church of
England?
a. | Henry VIII converted to Lutheranism. | b. | Henry VIII wanted a
divorce. | c. | The pope rejected the Act of Supremacy. | d. | The pope would not
end Church corruption. |
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31.
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The Last Supper and the Mona Lisa were the work of the great
artist
a. | Leonardo da Vinci. | c. | Michelangelo Buonarroti. | b. | Sandro
Botticelli. | d. | Piero della
Francesca. |
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32.
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In the 1600s, Robert Boyle’s work transformed the field of
a. | astronomy. | b. | medicine. | c. | chemistry. |
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33.
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What common subject of the northern Renaissance did Albrecht Dürer’s
engravings portray?
a. | scenes of peasant life | b. | religious upheaval | c. | realistic portraits
of women |
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34.
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One way that Renaissance artists reflected the new ideas of humanism was by
painting
a. | scenes that appeared two-dimensional. | b. | stylized rather than realistic
people. | c. | large, Gothic-style buildings. | d. | well-known people of the
day. |
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35.
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What major theme of the northern Renaissance did Albrecht Dürer’s
engravings portray?
a. | scenes of peasant life | c. | social art | b. | religious upheaval | d. | realistic portraits of
women |
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36.
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The Swiss city-state of Geneva became a model of Protestant morality under the
leadership of
a. | John Calvin. | c. | Martin Luther. | b. | John Knox. | d. | Ulrich Zwingli. |
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37.
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What resulted from the Peace of Augsburg in 1555?
a. | Martin Luther recanted his 95 Theses. | b. | The Catholic Church banned the sale of
indulgences. | c. | Martin Luther was excommunicated from the Catholic Church. | d. | Each German prince
could decide the religion for his lands. |
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38.
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Anabaptists believed that infants should not be baptized because
a. | people are sinners from the moment they are born. | b. | children must
confess their sins before being baptized. | c. | infants are too young to accept the Christian
faith. | d. | God has already determined who will gain salvation. |
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39.
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Humanist scholars differed from medieval thinkers in that humanists
a. | rejected the learning of Greece and Rome. | b. | used Latin as their
language for scholarship. | c. | tended to focus more on worldly
subjects. | d. | tended to focus more on spirituality. |
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40.
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Sir Thomas More was executed because he
a. | would not stand with Henry VIII against the Protestant revolt. | b. | would not accept
Henry VIII as head of the Church in England. | c. | protested the corruption of the Roman Catholic
Church. | d. | set up a utopian community based on Calvinist
beliefs. |
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41.
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The purpose of the Council of Trent was to
a. | fight Protestantism by rooting out heresy. | b. | spread the Catholic
faith to distant lands. | c. | translate the Bible into the
vernacular. | d. | direct the reform of the Catholic Church. |
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42.
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Unlike Francis Bacon, René Descartes believed that the best road to
understanding was through
a. | human reasoning. | c. | observation. | b. | experimentation. | d. | hypothesis
testing. |
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43.
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In the 1600s, Robert Boyle’s work transformed the field of
a. | medicine. | c. | chemistry. | b. | astronomy. | d. | philosophy. |
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Short Answer
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44.
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Make Generalizations The period in Western Europe that began in the 1300s
and peaked around 1500 is called the Renaissance. What does the word renaissance mean? Do you
think this name accurately describes this period in history? Explain why or why not.
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45.
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Recognize Cause and Effect How did the Church change the practice of
granting indulgences by the late 1400s? Explain how this change contributed to the Protestant
Reformation.
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46.
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Summarize At the beginning of the Protestant reformation, Henry VIII
supported the Catholic Church against reformers. How did Henry end up taking over the English
church?
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“Printing was God’s highest act of
grace.”
—Martin
Luther
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47.
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Identify Point of View Explain what Martin Luther meant by this statement
and why he might have felt this way.
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