Name: 
 

Mid-Term practice B


Matching
 
 
Match the terms to the descriptions.
a.
Johann Gutenberg
f.
Flanders
b.
predestination
g.
Nicolaus Copernicus
c.
Leonardo da Vinci
h.
Florence
d.
Isaac Newton
i.
sect
e.
Niccolò Machiavelli
j.
theocracy
 

 1. 

 a religious group that has broken away from an established church
 

 2. 

 wrote a guide for rulers on how to gain and keep power
 

 3. 

 a government run by religious leaders
 

 4. 

 proposed a heliocentric model of the universe
 

 5. 

 an artist who made sketches of flying machines centuries before the first airplane
 

 6. 

 showed that gravity keeps planets in orbit
 

 7. 

 started a printing revolution
 

 8. 

 the idea that God long ago decided who would be saved and who would not
 

 9. 

 the city that produced many Renaissance artists and scholars with the support of the Medici family
 

 10. 

 a thriving trading region where the northern Renaissance began
 
 
Match the terms to the descriptions.
a.
Affonso I
f.
Dutch East India Company
b.
Qing
g.
Prince Henry
c.
Mombasa
h.
Macao
d.
Osei Tutu
i.
Goa
e.
Moluccas
j.
Ferdinand Magellan
 

 11. 

 a Portuguese trading post in Ming China
 

 12. 

 formed by a group of wealthy merchants, it had full sovereign powers
 

 13. 

 led an expedition that became the first to circumnavigate Earth
 

 14. 

 united his people by claiming that they shared spiritual bonds
 

 15. 

 led the way in sponsoring exploration for Portugal
 

 16. 

 a ruler of Kongo who tried to halt the slave trade in his lands
 

 17. 

 an island off the coast of India seized by the Portuguese in 1510
 

 18. 

 an island chain once called the Spice Islands
 

 19. 

 the new dynasty that ruled China after the decline of the Ming dynasty
 

 20. 

 a coastal city of East Africa that was an important trade center
 
 
Match the terms to the descriptions.
a.
conquistadors
f.
privateers
b.
Jacques Cartier
g.
mercantilism
c.
viceroys
h.
Hernán Cortés
d.
entrepreneurs
i.
Middle Passage
e.
Moctezuma
j.
encomiendas
 

 21. 

 the trade route that transported African slaves to the Americas
 

 22. 

 an Aztec emperor
 

 23. 

 people who take financial risk to make profits
 

 24. 

 the Spanish who vanquished the Americas
 

 25. 

 a system used to force Native Americans to labor under brutal conditions
 

 26. 

 those who ruled Spain’s colonies in the name of the Spanish monarchs
 

 27. 

 an economic policy based a nation exporting more goods than it imports
 

 28. 

 an explorer who fought and subdued the Aztecs
 

 29. 

 claimed much of present-day eastern Canada for France
 

 30. 

 pirates who operated with the approval of European governments
 
 
Match the terms to the descriptions.
a.
Huguenots
f.
dissenters
b.
cabinet
g.
boyars
c.
partition
h.
El Greco
d.
divine right
i.
electors
e.
mercenaries
j.
intendants
 

 31. 

 the belief that a monarch’s authority comes directly from God
 

 32. 

 high-ranking government leaders who advise the head of state
 

 33. 

 landowning Russian nobles under Peter the Great
 

 34. 

 German princes who chose the Holy Roman emperor
 

 35. 

 French Protestants whose freedoms were protected by Henry IV
 

 36. 

 the division of Poland among Russia, Prussia, and Austria
 

 37. 

 English Protestants who differed with the Church of England
 

 38. 

 a Greek painter who was a master of the Spanish style
 

 39. 

 soldiers for hire
 

 40. 

 royal officials who carried out the policies of Louis XIV
 

Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
 

 41. 
One way that Renaissance artists reflected the new ideas of humanism was by painting
a.
scenes that appeared two-dimensional.
b.
stylized rather than realistic people.
c.
large, Gothic-style buildings.
d.
well-known people of the day.
 

 42. 
The Swiss city-state of Geneva became a model of Protestant morality under the leadership of
a.
John Calvin.
c.
Martin Luther.
b.
John Knox.
d.
Ulrich Zwingli.
 

 43. 
What resulted from the Peace of Augsburg in 1555?
a.
Martin Luther recanted his 95 Theses.
b.
The Catholic Church banned the sale of indulgences.
c.
Martin Luther was excommunicated from the Catholic Church.
d.
Each German prince could decide the religion for his lands.
 

 44. 
Anabaptists believed that infants should not be baptized because
a.
people are sinners from the moment they are born.
b.
children must confess their sins before being baptized.
c.
infants are too young to accept the Christian faith.
d.
God has already determined who will gain salvation.
 

 45. 
Humanist scholars differed from medieval thinkers in that humanists
a.
rejected the learning of Greece and Rome.
b.
used Latin as their language for scholarship.
c.
tended to focus more on worldly subjects.
d.
tended to focus more on spirituality.
 

 46. 
Sir Thomas More was executed because he
a.
would not stand with Henry VIII against the Protestant revolt.
b.
would not accept Henry VIII as head of the Church in England.
c.
protested the corruption of the Roman Catholic Church.
d.
set up a utopian community based on Calvinist beliefs.
 

 47. 
Unlike Francis Bacon, René Descartes believed that the best road to understanding was through
a.
human reasoning.
c.
observation.
b.
experimentation.
d.
hypothesis testing.
 

 48. 
The age of great change marked by renewed interest in classical learning and the arts is called the
a.
Reformation.
c.
Renaissance.
b.
Middle Ages.
d.
Medieval Enlightenment.
 

 49. 
The Last Supper and the Mona Lisa were the work of the great artist
a.
Michelangelo Buonarroti.
c.
Piero della Francesca.
b.
Leonardo da Vinci.
d.
Sandro Botticelli.
 

 50. 
What humanist of Northern Europe wrote about his vision of an ideal society, in which people live in peace and harmony?
a.
Sir Thomas More
c.
William Shakespeare
b.
Desiderius Erasmus
d.
François Rabelais
 

 51. 
The calculations of astronomer Johannes Kepler showed that
a.
Earth spins alone at the center of the universe.
b.
the planets move around the sun in oval orbits.
c.
the four moons of Venus move slowly around that planet.
d.
the heavens are in a fixed position in relation to Earth.
 

 52. 
What triggered the events that resulted in the formation of the Church of England?
a.
Henry VIII wanted a divorce.
b.
Henry VIII converted to Lutheranism.
c.
The pope would not end Church corruption.
d.
The pope rejected the Act of Supremacy.
 

 53. 
The main goal of the Jesuits was to
a.
end corruption within the Catholic Church.
b.
end the growth of Calvinism in England.
c.
defend, restore, and spread the Catholic faith.
d.
reform Spanish convents and monasteries.
 

 54. 
Many scholars agree that between 1450 and 1750 people’s beliefs in both Christianity and magic led to
a.
a strong allegiance to spiritual leaders.
b.
the persecution of people as witches.
c.
the rise of radical religious sects.
d.
a new spiritualism centered in nature.
 

 55. 
In the scientific method, a hypothesis is a
a.
possible explanation to be tested.
b.
conclusion that should not be questioned.
c.
truth that leads to understanding.
d.
truth known at the start of an inquiry.
 

 56. 
The southern tip of Africa became known as the Cape of Good Hope because
a.
rounding it gave sailors hope they would return home safely.
b.
rounding it gave sailors a direct sea route to Asia.
c.
it was the sailors’ first sight of land since they left home.
d.
its calm seas provided shelter from the stormy Atlantic.
 

 57. 
The Line of Demarcation divided world trade and exploration rights between the
a.
Portuguese and Dutch.
c.
Spanish and English.
b.
Spanish and Portuguese.
d.
English and Dutch.
 

 58. 
Who were the Boers?
a.
Africans who followed traditional beliefs rather than Christianity
b.
Indian soldiers who served the British East India Company
c.
Dutch farmers who settled around Cape Town
d.
Muslim traders who brought goods to Mediterranean ports
 

 59. 
Large quantities of American silver flowed into the economies of East Asia through what important Spanish trading center?
a.
Malacca
c.
Macao
b.
the Philippines
d.
Futa Toro
 

 60. 
In Ming China, why did European traders pay for Chinese silks and porcelains in gold or silver instead of exchanging trade goods?
a.
The Chinese did not want inferior European trade goods.
b.
The Europeans had more gold and silver than trade goods.
c.
The Chinese offered lower prices when paid in gold or silver.
d.
Gold and silver was easier for the Europeans to transport.
 

 61. 
After the Japanese, and later the Manchus, invaded Korea, the Koreans responded by
a.
greatly expanding their military.
b.
forming an alliance with Japan.
c.
building a great wall around Korea.
d.
excluding foreigners from their nation.
 

 62. 
In the 1400s, Europeans searched for new trade routes to obtain valuable spices that came mainly from
a.
Macao.
c.
Mozambique.
b.
the Moluccas.
d.
Mombasa.
 

 63. 
The voyage to Calicut by Vasco da Gama soon led to the creation of a vast trading empire for
a.
Spain.
c.
Portugal.
b.
Italy.
d.
the Netherlands.
 

 64. 
The islands that Christopher Columbus explored in his voyage in 1492 later became known as
a.
the West Indies.
c.
the Philippines.
b.
the East Indies.
d.
the Aleutians.
 

 65. 
In 1513, Spanish adventurer Vasco Núñez de Balboa reached the Pacific Ocean by
a.
traveling overland through Panama.
b.
traveling overland through Mexico.
c.
sailing around the tip of South America.
d.
sailing through the Philippine Islands.
 

 66. 
How did Europeans usually acquire African captives for the slave trade?
a.
They relied on Dutch traders to bring captives to African ports.
b.
They relied on African traders to bring captives to African ports.
c.
They most often enslaved only people they defeated in battle.
d.
They seized captives through expeditions into Africa’s interior.
 

 67. 
In the mid-1600s, which nation captured Malacca from the Portuguese and developed a monopoly on trade in the Spice Islands?
a.
England.
c.
France.
b.
the Netherlands.
d.
Spain.
 

 68. 
When the Mughal empire weakened, British and French armies fought for power in India with the help of Indian troops known as
a.
Boers.
c.
sepoys.
b.
rajahs.
d.
Gurkhas.
 

 69. 
Why did Japanese shoguns turn against foreign traders in the mid-1500s?
a.
The pope declared his plans to make Japan a Christian nation.
b.
A British diplomatic mission insulted the Tokugawa shoguns.
c.
Japan saw foreigners as a threat after Spain seized the Philippines.
d.
Japan saw foreigners as a threat after the Dutch seized Malacca.
 

 70. 
To conquer the Aztec empire, Hernán Cortés
a.
formed alliances with conquered people who hated the Aztecs.
b.
gained control of the Aztecs by converting them to Christianity.
c.
persuaded the Aztecs that European trade would be beneficial.
d.
overwhelmed the Aztecs with a superior number of Spanish soldiers.
 

 71. 
The conquistador who added the lands of the present-day countries of Peru, Ecuador, and Chile to the Spanish empire was
a.
Olaudah Equiano.
c.
Francisco Pizarro.
b.
Hernán Cortés.
d.
Doña Marina.
 

 72. 
At the top of Spanish colonial society were the
a.
creoles.
c.
mestizos.
b.
peninsulares.
d.
mulattoes.
 

 73. 
Through the Treaty of Tordesillas in 1494,
a.
Pizarro made peace with the Incas.
c.
Spain claimed its empire of Brazil.
b.
Cortés made peace with the Aztecs.
d.
Portugal claimed its empire of Brazil.
 

 74. 
The English colonies of Massachusetts, Pennsylvania, and Maryland were mainly set up as
a.
fur-trading outposts organized for profit.
b.
military outposts to drive out the French.
c.
a place to send convicts from English prisons.
d.
havens for persecuted religious groups.
 

 75. 
What is an estimate of the number of Africans that probably died in passage to the Americas during the Atlantic slave trade?
a.
2,000
c.
11 million
b.
2 million
d.
800,000
 

 76. 
Widespread inflation struck Europe in the mid-1500s due to the increasing amounts of
a.
silver and gold from the Americas.
b.
food shipments from the Americas.
c.
slave labor from the Americas.
d.
raw materials from the Americas.
 

 77. 
What mercantilist policy was designed to protect local industries from foreign competition?
a.
Governments imposed new national currency systems.
b.
Tariffs lowered the price of imported goods.
c.
Europeans could not purchase certain imported goods.
d.
Tariffs increased the price of imported goods.
 

 78. 
When the Aztec emperor first heard about the arrival of Spanish explorers, he sent them gifts because
a.
he thought they might have been gods.
b.
he wanted European trade goods in exchange.
c.
he hoped to trick them with a friendly gesture.
d.
he hoped to make an alliance with them against his rivals.
 

 79. 
In Spanish colonial society, creoles were
a.
people of Native American and European descent.
b.
native-born descendants of Spanish settlers.
c.
people born in Spain who were living in the Americas.
d.
people of African and European descent.
 

 80. 
In 1607, the English established their first permanent colony in the Americas at
a.
Quebec, Canada.
c.
Plymouth, Massachusetts.
b.
Jamestown, Virginia.
d.
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
 

 81. 
What lands did Britain gain as a result of the Treaty of Paris in 1763?
a.
French territories in central North America.
b.
Dutch sugar-producing islands in the Caribbean.
c.
Spanish territories in present-day Texas and Florida.
d.
Canada and all French lands east of the Mississippi River.
 

 82. 
How did Spain try to change its American colonies with the New Laws of the Indies in 1542?
a.
The laws kept the colonists from trading in African slaves.
b.
The laws freed both African and Native American slaves.
c.
The laws forbade enslavement and abuse of Native Americans.
d.
The laws banned the import of goods made with slave labor.
 

 83. 
What is true about the economic system of capitalism?
a.
It measures a nation’s real wealth in gold and silver.
b.
It encourages tariffs, or taxes on imported goods.
c.
It encourages bank ownership of most businesses.
d.
It encourages private ownership of most businesses.
 

 84. 
The Mayflower Compact
a.
was a treaty granting land rights to Native Americans.
b.
was a trade agreement between France and New York.
c.
set out guidelines for governing the Virginia colony.
d.
set out guidelines for governing the Plymouth colony.
 

 85. 
What did the Spanish do in their effort to gain control of the Incas?
a.
They tried to bribe the Incas with horses.
b.
They offered to share their profits from gold.
c.
They captured the Inca ruler Atahualpa.
d.
They destroyed the Inca capital Tenochtitlán.
 

 86. 
Joint stock companies allowed early European capitalists to
a.
control the effects of inflation.
b.
negotiate treaties with foreign nations.
c.
raise large amounts of capital.
d.
organize guilds to protect workers.
 

 87. 
An important goal of Philip II of Spain was to
a.
defend the Catholic Reformation.
b.
make peace with England.
c.
end the Inquisition in the Netherlands.
d.
promote religious freedom.
 

 88. 
In 1598, the Edict of Nantes helped to ensure
a.
that France and Spain would not unite.
b.
that Germans could choose their own religion.
c.
that French Catholics would not be persecuted.
d.
that French Protestants would not be persecuted.
 

 89. 
When the Huguenots left France in the 1680s, their departure
a.
weakened the army of Louis XIV.
b.
seriously hurt the French economy.
c.
destroyed the power base of Henry IV.
d.
damaged the French bureaucracy.
 

 90. 
What type of government was created in England by the Glorious Revolution?
a.
absolute monarchy
c.
limited monarchy
b.
republic
d.
democracy
 

 91. 
What was a result of the treaty known as the Peace of Westphalia in 1648?
a.
France gained territory on its Spanish and German frontiers.
b.
Germany became united under a strong, central government.
c.
The Netherlands became part of the Hapsburg empire.
d.
Poland was divided among Russia, Prussia, and Austria.
 

 92. 
Peter the Great waged war against the Ottoman empire to
a.
break the Ottoman siege of Vienna.
b.
gain a warm-water port on the Mediterranean Sea.
c.
capture the Ottoman port of Constantinople.
d.
gain a warm-water port on the Black Sea.
 

 93. 
Under the rule of Catherine the Great,
a.
taxes increased for wealthy landowners.
b.
conditions improved for Russian peasants.
c.
Russia ended its cultural link with the West.
d.
Russia seized lands in eastern Poland.
 

 94. 
What was a major cause of conflict within the empire of King Charles V?
a.
Charles suppressed Protestantism in the German states.
b.
Charles fought his brother in a series of religious wars.
c.
Saxons invaded France and tried to occupy Paris.
d.
Ottoman forces overran much of southern France.
 

 95. 
Under the rule of Philip II, which of these events helped to increase Spanish power?
a.
The Muslims were expelled from Spain.
b.
The Huguenots were expelled from Spain.
c.
The Ottomans were defeated at Lepanto.
d.
The Protestants were defeated in the Netherlands.
 

 96. 
How did Louis XIV govern France in 1661 after the death of his chief minister?
a.
He took complete control of the government.
b.
He ruled in partnership with the Estates General.
c.
He tried to share power with all French social classes.
d.
He established a republic known as the Commonwealth.
 

 97. 
Louis XIV appointed royal officials from the middle class to his bureaucracy because
a.
he wanted to hear their ideas about governing France.
b.
the appointments persuaded them to support the arts.
c.
they asked to participate in his morning levée ritual.
d.
they helped to check the power of the nobles and Church.
 

 98. 
Which group consisted of dissenters who sought to change Catholic practices in the Church of England?
a.
Jacobins
c.
Puritans
b.
Huguenots
d.
Cavaliers
 

 99. 
During the English Commonwealth period, the Levellers demanded that
a.
all Christians should have religious freedom.
b.
all citizens should have a voice in government.
c.
the Anglican monarchy should be restored.
d.
King Charles I should be executed.
 

 100. 
The Tories were an English political party that
a.
supported broad royal powers.
c.
was dominated by Roman Catholics.
b.
reflected urban business interests.
d.
supported religious toleration.
 

 101. 
One effect of the Thirty Years’ War was
a.
the unification of Germany.
b.
the outlawing of mercenaries.
c.
the end of the Holy Roman Empire.
d.
the severe depopulation of Europe.
 

 102. 
How did Frederick William I help to unify Prussia after the death of his father in 1713?
a.
He claimed the title of Holy Roman emperor.
b.
He promoted religious tolerance throughout Prussia.
c.
He signed the treaties known as the Peace of Westphalia.
d.
He gave the Junkers positions in the army and government.
 

 103. 
By 1750, Prussia and Austria
a.
were competing to develop their overseas empires.
b.
were battling for control of the German states.
c.
had taken major steps toward constitutional government.
d.
had agreed to work together against their chief foe, Russia.
 

 104. 
How did Peter the Great gain territory for Russia along the Baltic Sea?
a.
He seized territory from the Ottomans.
b.
He signed a treaty with Quing China.
c.
He won a long war with Sweden.
d.
He won a long war with Denmark.
 

 105. 
What contributed to the start of the English Civil War?
a.
Charles I refused to sign the English Bill of Rights.
b.
Charles I refused to sign the Petition of Right.
c.
Parliament executed the chief ministers of Charles I.
d.
Parliament refused to approve the Act of Supremacy.
 

 106. 
Spain’s greatest writer, the author of Don Quixote, was
a.
Miguel Cervantes
c.
Lope de Vega
b.
El Greco
d.
Diego Velazquez
 

 107. 
Cardinal Richelieu is known for
a.
rebelling against Louis XIII.
c.
weakening the power of the Huguenots and nobles.
b.
strengthening the Estates-General.
d.
serving under Louis XIV.
 

 108. 
The Dutch and the English wanted to maintain a balance of power to
a.
Allow Phillip V to rule Spain and Germany.
c.
expell Muslims and Jews from Spain.
b.
prevent France from dominating Europe.
d.
support a “splendid century”.
 

 109. 
The Stuart kings claim to absolute power was challenged by
a.
the Tudors
c.
the Cavaliers
b.
Parliament
d.
the Church of England
 

 110. 
Which country gained territory in the Peace of Westphalia?
a.
Bohemia
c.
Germany
b.
France
d.
the Netherlands
 

 111. 
By the 1700’s, which empire included Germans, Slavs, Magyars, and Italians?
a.
the Bohemian Empire
c.
the French Empire
b.
the Hapsburg Empire
d.
the Prussian Empire
 

 112. 
At the end of the Seven Years’ War
a.
France controlled Africa
c.
Great Britain had a huge empire
b.
Prussia and Austria were united
d.
Russia was an ally of Britain
 

 113. 
In order to avoid war over Poland, the countries of Russia, Prussia, and Austria
a.
decided to divide Poland among themselves.
c.
allowed Poland to choose its own ruler and form a government.
b.
asked France to decide Poland’s fate.
d.
forced the boyars to emigrate to Poland and form a protectorate.
 

 114. 
Peter the Great’s goals for Russia included
a.
increasing the powers of the Russian Orthodox Church.
c.
increasing the powers of the boyars.
b.
eliminating the use of serfs on large estates.
d.
centralizing royal power and strengthening the military.
 



 
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