Chapter 22 practice test

Name:

Matching

Match the terms to the descriptions.

a.	social welfare	f.	zemstvo
b.	pogrom	g.	emigration
c.	Francis Joseph	h.	Giuseppe Garibaldi
d.	kaiser	i.	Ferenc Deák
e.	Duma	j.	anarchist

leader of the “Red Shirts”

local, elected assembly in Russia

an important safety valve that relieved social tensions in Italy

a person who wants to abolish all government

elected national legislature in Russia

government programs to help certain groups of citizens

helped create the Dual Monarchy

violent mob attack against Jews

inherited the Hapsburg throne at age 18

10.

title of William I of Germany

Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

11.

In the 1830s, Prussia created a union called the Zollverein, which promoted German unity by

a.	establishing German as the official language.
b.	establishing Frederick William IV as king of a united German state.
c.	removing tariff barriers between German states.
d.	banding together to fight Napoleon’s invading forces.

12.

In Bismarck’s practice of Realpolitik, his political actions were guided by

a.	the needs of the people.	c.	the principle of divine right.
b.	traditional morality.	d.	the needs of the state.

13.

William II asked Bismarck to resign because

a.	Bismarck had lost favor with the people.
b.	William II wanted no rivals to his authority.
c.	Bismarck had falsified William’s telegram to the French ambassador.
d.	William II wanted a stronger military leader.

14.

Bismarck introduced many social reforms in Germany because he wanted to

a.	avoid a socialist revolution.
b.	fulfill the state’s obligation to its people.
c.	win votes for reelection.
d.	move the country toward democracy.

15.

Synthetic dyes were among the new products that resulted from cooperation between German industrialists and

a.	farmers.	c.	scientists.
b.	bankers.	d.	workers.

16.

When Italy unified, what form of government did it take?

a.	an absolute monarchy	c.	a socialist democracy
b.	a republic	d.	a constitutional monarchy

17.

Which of the following was an obstacle to Italian unity?

a.	the efforts of the Risorgimento	c.	a strong monarch
b.	local regional rivalries.	d.	the efforts of the Red Shirts

18.

The Dual Monarchy was a combination of

a.	Austria and Germany.	c.	Austria and Hungary.
b.	Germany and France.	d.	Germany and Hungary.

19.

Which of the following was an obstacle to progress in Russia in the 1800s?

a.	a rigid social structure	c.	a powerful middle class
b.	few natural resources	d.	little productive land

20.

Tsar Alexander III launched a program of “Russification”, in which he

a.	emancipated the serfs.
b.	introduced legal reforms, such as trial by jury.
c.	suppressed non-Russian cultures within the empire.
d.	secured foreign investment to develop Russian industry.

21.

After the defeat of Napoleon I, the Congress of Vienna created the German Confederation headed by

a.	Russia.	c.	Austria.
b.	Prussia.	d.	Hungary.

22.

Bismarck became the king’s highest official when he assumed the title of

a.	prime minister.	c.	president.
b.	kaiser.	d.	chancellor.

23.

When the Frankfurt Assembly offered Frederick William IV of Prussia the throne of a united German state in 1848, the ruler refused because

a.	not all the German states were included.
b.	the offer came from “the people.”
c.	the real power would remain with the individual states.
d.	the governments of the states had not agreed to the offer.

24.

Bismarck’s editing of the Ems dispatch resulted in

a.	an alliance between France and Prussia.
b.	an alliance between Sardinia and Prussia.
c.	a war between Sardinia and Prussia.
d.	a war between France and Prussia.

25.

In the government Bismarck set up for the German empire, membership in the Reichstag was determined by

a.	a vote of all male citizens.
b.	inherited titles of nobility.
c.	appointment by the rulers of the German states.
d.	Bismarck.

26.

In the Kulturkampf, Bismarck’s goal was to

a.	unify the Germans and Austrians.
b.	reduce the power of the socialists.
c.	reduce the power of the Catholic Church.
d.	increase his power over the monarch.

27.

During the struggle for Italian unification, the “Red Shirts” were forces made up of

a.	anarchists.	c.	socialists.
b.	nationalists.	d.	monarchists.

28.

Italian unification was complete when Naples and Sicily were turned over to Victor Emmanuel by

a.	Camillo Cavour.	c.	Giuseppe Garibaldi.
b.	Giuseppe Mazzini.	d.	Otto von Bismarck.

29.

In 1859, Camillo Cavour provoked a war between Sardinia and Austria because

a.	he wanted to end Austrian power in Italy.
b.	the Austrian king had insulted a Sardinian ambassador.
c.	German forces would fight for Sardinia against Austria.
d.	Austrian assassins had attacked Victor Emmanuel.

30.

In 1800, Austria was ruled by the oldest ruling Dynasty (family of monarchs) in Europe, called the

a.	Hohenzollerns.	c.	Bourbons.
b.	Hapsburgs.	d.	Romanovs.

31.

Which of the following is a true statement about the Dual Monarchy?

a.	One parliament made laws for both Austria and Hungary.
b.	Austria and Hungary became one country ruled by the Hungarian monarch.
c.	Austria and Hungary shared the same constitution.
d.	Austria and Hungary remained separate countries with one ruler who ruled both.

32.

By the 1800s Russian tsars saw the need to modernize, but they resisted because they thought reforms would

a.	undermine their absolute rule.	c.	undermine their industrial might.
b.	slow the pace of westernization.	d.	hold back revolutionary reforms.

33.

Emancipation of the serfs benefited the Russian economy because many former serfs

a.	rose to become the new merchant class.
b.	took jobs in factories.
c.	acquired large country estates.
d.	helped expand the empire by joining the army.

34.

Bloody Sunday served as a turning point in Russia because

a.	it strengthened the tsar’s power.
b.	it led to Japan’s triumph over Russia.
c.	it caused the people to lose faith in the tsar.
d.	it marked the beginning of World War I.

35.

One result of the October Manifesto was

a.	the establishment of zemstvos.	c.	the rise of the Socialists.
b.	a bloody revolution.	d.	the creation of the Duma.

36.

In 1848, supporters of German political unity

a.	supported German attacks against Napoleon.	c.	voted to proclaim Bismarck emperor of all Germany.
b.	stopped a war between Prussia & Schleswig & Holstein.	d.	Offered the throne of a united Germany to the Prussian ruler, Frederick-William IV.

37.

Which statement best describes Bismarck’s Realpolitik?

a.	Power is more important than principles.	c.	Power grows out of economic cooperation.
b.	Power must be earned from the good will of the people.	d.	Power is not possible in democratic countries.

38.

During its unification, Prussia fought wars against

a.	Austria & France	c.	France & Britain
b.	Austria & Russia	d.	Russia & Britain

39.

What was the dominant power in Europe in 1871?

a.	the Lutheran church	c.	Germany
b.	France	d.	Russia

40.

One of the factors that helped Germany unify was

a.	a shrinking population	c.	a disciplined military
b.	the Catholic church	d.	plentiful coal and iron ore deposits

41.

Krupp, Thyssen, and Zeiss were names of

a.	German Industrialists	c.	Bismarck’s aides
b.	Prussian generals	d.	provinces annexed by Prussia

42.

What ended Otto von Bismarck’s career as Chancellor of Germany?

a.	William II asked him to resign	c.	He was assassinated
b.	William II abdicated the throne	d.	He became a Catholic

43.

Why did Bismarck strike out against Socialists & the Catholic church?

a.	He feared they would not support his reform measures	c.	He thought they posed a threat to the new German state
b.	He thought they would unite to form a powerful political party	d.	He feared that they would leave Germany

44.

After the Congress of Vienna, Italy was controlled by

a.	Spanish & Catholic monarchs	c.	Prince Metternich & Giuseppe Mazzini
b.	Giuseppe Garibaldi & Camillo Cavour	d.	Hapsburg & Bourbon monarchs

45.

Camillo Cavour’s long-term goal was to

a.	end Austria’s power in Italy	c.	make Sardinia Italy’s capital
b.	end Prussia’s power in Italy	d.	stimulate industry

46.

What event signaled that Italy was at last a united nation?

a.	French withdrawl from Rome in 1870	c.	the crowning of Victor Emmanuel II in 1861
b.	the final defeat of Garibaldi’s Red Shirts in 1860	d.	Cavour’s victorious return in 1858

47.

Which problem did Italian emigration help solve?

a.	lack of unity	c.	scarce natural resources
b.	overpopulation	d.	limited suffrage

48.

In which two empires did nationalism create the most tension?

a.	Ottoman & German	c.	Balkan & Hapsburg
b.	Hapsburg & Ottoman	d.	Hungarian & British

49.

In the mid-1800’s which ethnic group made up almost half of the Hapsburg empire’s population?

a.	French	c.	Greeks
b.	Italians	d.	Hungarians

50.

What was one result of the formation of the Dual Monarchy?

a.	Hungarians were mostly pleased, but other ethnic groups were unhappy.	c.	Austria and Germany shared some government functions.
b.	Italians and Lithuanians were mostly pleased, but other ethnic groups were unhappy.	d.	It led to Austria’s defeat by Prussia in the 1866 war.

51.

How were the Hapsburg & Ottoman empires alike?

a.	Francis Joseph ruled both empires	c.	both were top-notched induatrial powers
b.	both claimed control of Greece	d.	Both empires were made up of people of different nationalities.

52.

By what nickname was the Ottoman empire known?

a.	the powder keg of Europe	c.	the sick man of Europe
b.	the Dual Monarchy	d.	the Balkans

53.

Which statement is true of Russia’s social structure in the 1800’s?

a.	Wealthy nobles dominated society & supported reforms.	c.	Influential middle-class Industrialists dominated society & encouraged socialism.
b.	Wealthy nobles dominated society & resisted reforms.	d.	Serfs dominated society and pushed for industrialization.

54.

For centuries, Russian tsars

a.	favored social reforms	c.	supported industrialization
b.	ruled with absolute power	d.	dreamed of freeing the serfs

55.

Tsar Alexander II’s reforms included

a.	easing censorship & ending mandatory military service	c.	freeing the serfs & setting up a system of local governments
b.	creating a constitution & freeing the serfs	d.	giving land to serfs and encouraging Industrialization

56.

What event brought an end to reform in 19th Century Russia?

a.	the assassination of Alexander II	c.	the victory over Britain in the Crimean war
b.	the victory over Japan in the 1904 war	d.	the rapid industrialization of Russia

Short Answer

57.

Synthesize Information Where did Bismarck’s primary loyalty lie? How did this loyalty influence what he hoped to achieve with unification? How did the government he created for the German empire reflect this loyalty?

58.

Make Comparisons Compare the leadership style of Camillo Cavour in Italy to the leadership style of Otto von Bismarck in Germany. Use examples to support your reasoning.

59.

Draw Conclusions Describe how nationalism affected the Ottoman empire differently than it did the Prussian empire. What do you think accounted for this difference?

60.

Identify Assumptions On “Bloody Sunday,” Russian protesters marched on the Winter Palace of Tsar Nicholas II. How did the tsar react to this protest? What consequences did this reaction have?

“Germany does not look to Prussia’s liberalism, but to her power. . . . The great questions of the day are not to be decided by speeches and majority resolutions—that was the mistake of 1848 and 1849—but by blood and iron!”

—Otto von Bismarck, 1862

61.

Identify Point of View What issue is Otto von Bismarck addressing in the quote above? Explain.

62.

Summarize Describe Bismarck’s methods for dealing with the Catholic Church and his methods for dealing with the socialists after unification.

63.

Identify Central Issues Why do you think Europeans in the mid-1800s came to view the Ottoman empire as “the sick man of Europe?”

64.

Express Problems Clearly The reigns of different Russian tsars followed a similar pattern, cycling between reform and repression. What conditions in Russia were contributing to this pattern?

65.

Make Comparisons When Italy unified, it created a new government under Victor Emmanuel. Compare this government to the government Bismarck created in the unified Germany. How were they alike? How were they different?