CHAPTER 33 PRACTICE TEST

Name:

Multiple Choice

Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

IDENTIFYING MAIN IDEAS

One of Ford’s first acts as President was to

a.	deregulate several industries.
b.	pardon Richard Nixon.
c.	rescue the crew of the Mayaquez.
d.	curb inflation and increase employment.

The aim that Congress had in passing the War Powers Act was to

a.	give the President more power in using American forces overseas.
b.	forbid the President from ever sending American forces overseas.
c.	limit the President’s emergency powers in sending troops overseas.
d.	order the President to bring American troops back from Iran.

A major reason for Jimmy Carter’s winning the presidency in 1976 was

a.	his outstanding record in national politics.
b.	the public’s distrust of the Washington establishment after Watergate.
c.	support for the pardon of Richard M. Nixon.
d.	the fact that he was the incumbent.

One of Carter’s major problems as President was that he

a.	appointed many women and minorities to his staff.
b.	adopted a formal and highly dignified presidential style.
c.	did not support equal rights causes.
d.	lacked the ability to deal well with Congress.

As the cornerstone of his foreign policy, President Carter promoted

a.	anticommunism.	c.	more military involvement overseas.
b.	human rights.	d.	ending diplomatic relations with China.

Iranian students seized the U.S. embassy and took Americans hostage to protest

a.	Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi’s return to power in Iran.
b.	Carter’s letting the shah enter the United States for medical treatment.
c.	the failure of the United States to modernize Iran.
d.	the exile of their Islamic religious leader.

Like Ford before him, Carter faced the severe economic problems of

a.	too much lending to and borrowing from foreign countries.
b.	growing exports and shrinking imports.
c.	high inflation and high unemployment.
d.	shrinking federal spending and federal deficits.

Nuclear energy was dealt a severe blow in the United States when

a.	there was an accident at the nuclear plant at Three Mile Island, Pennsylvania.
b.	the Department of Energy was set up as a new Cabinet department.
c.	the Senate ratified SALT II.
d.	President Carter was defeated for reelection in 1980.

What was President Ford’s program to overcome stagflation?

a.	He tried to restore public confidence in the economy through the WIN campaign.
b.	He increased the money supply.
c.	He proposed a multibillion-dollar tax increase.
d.	He provided financial incentives for people to save rather than spend.

10.

Which of the following statements characterizes Ford’s foreign policy?

a.	He thwarted congressional attempts to play a strong role in foreign affairs.
b.	He followed the direction set by President Nixon and Henry Kissinger.
c.	He initiated no foreign policy actions.
d.	He refused to recognize the governments of newly independent African nations.

11.

What was an important theme in Jimmy Carter’s election in 1976?

a.	He believed the Soviet Union did not want to dominate Eastern Europe.
b.	He was a Washington outsider stressing honesty and straightforwardness.
c.	He was an experienced businessman.
d.	He was an expert in nuclear energy.

12.

Which statement best describes Carter’s presidency?

a.	He used the presidency as a pulpit for his religious views.
b.	He assumed a highly ceremonial style of presidency.
c.	He was successful in both foreign policy and domestic issues.
d.	He found it difficult to work with Congress and get legislation passed.

13.

What factor complicated President Carter’s relations with the Soviet Union?

a.	his commitment to human rights and support of dissidents
b.	his program to build additional nuclear weapons
c.	his move to close the Panama Canal to Soviet ships
d.	his rejection of SALT II.

14.

What final step did Carter take to try to get the U.S. hostages released from Iran?

a.	He encouraged U.S. banks to make loans to Iran.
b.	He brought the shah to the United States for medical treatment.
c.	He attempted a commando rescue of the hostages.
d.	He sent Cyrus Vance to Tehran to talk with the Iranian captors.

15.

What did Carter characterize as “the moral equivalent of war”?

a.	the need to conserve energy
b.	the nuclear accident at Three Mile Island
c.	ever-rising interest rates
d.	draft evasion

16.

What effect did the Bakke decision have on affirmative action?

a.	It legalized racial quotas for admission to medical schools.
b.	It encouraged African Americans to apply to medical schools.
c.	It signaled the start of a backlash against affirmative action.
d.	It ruled out consideration of race as a factor in admissions decisions.

Matching

IDENTIFYING KEY TERMS, PEOPLE, AND PLACES

Match each item with the correct statement below.

a.	James Earl Carter, Jr.	f.	Helsinki Accords
b.	Gerald R. Ford	g.	Ayatollah Khomeini
c.	amnesty	h.	stagflation
d.	deregulation	i.	Menachem Begin
e.	Anwar el-Sadat	j.	incumbent

17.

condition in which unemployment and inflation rise while the economy stays flat

18.

agreements reached by more than 30 nations to cooperate economically and promote human rights in the world

19.

a person who already holds a political office

20.

reduction or removal of government controls

21.

general pardon, like the one President Carter granted to draft evaders of the Vietnam War

22.

____, who had been appointed Vice President, inherited the presidency when Nixon resigned.

23.

____ had been the governor of Georgia before being elected President in 1976.

24.

The Egyptian president who negotiated a peace treaty with the Israeli prime minister was ____.

25.

____ was the Israeli prime minister who negotiated a peace treaty with the Egyptian president.

26.

____ was an aggressively anti-Western leader who strove to make Iran a strict Islamic state.

IDENTIFYING KEY TERMS, PEOPLE, AND PLACES

Match each item with the correct statement below.

a.	Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi	f.	deregulation
b.	dissidents	g.	Camp David Accords
c.	Ayatollah Khomeini	h.	Anwar el-Sadat
d.	amnesty	i.	Menachem Begin
e.	Helsinki Accords	j.	Nelson Rockefeller

27.

In the ____, more than 30 nations pledged themselves to cooperate economically and to promote human rights.

28.

The ____ resulted in a treaty defining a framework for peace between Israel and Egypt.

29.

President Carter’s support of Soviet ____ led to a worsening of relations between the U.S. and the Soviet Union.

30.

The policy of ____ reduced or removed government controls in several industries.

31.

Carter granted ____ to draft evaders.

32.

Vice President appointed by a nonelected President

33.

Egyptian president who negotiated peace terms with Israeli prime minister

34.

Israeli prime minister who negotiated peace terms with Egyptian president

35.

Iranian leader supported by the United States

36.

anti-Western Islamic leader in Iran

Short Answer

CRITICAL THINKING

37.

Testing Conclusions President Ford concluded that pardoning Nixon would heal the wounds caused by Watergate. Do you think his conclusion was valid? Explain.

38.

Determining Relevance In what ways was the Iranian hostage crisis a critical point in Carter’s presidency?

39.

Expressing Problems Clearly What do you think was Gerald Ford’s main problem as President? Support your answer.

40.

Determining Relevance What effect do you think President Carter’s strong religious beliefs had on his presidency?

Essay

READING A TABLE

World Crude Oil Production
(Thousand Barrels Per Day) Year Total World Production OPEC Production OPEC Percentage
1974	56,088.4	30,729.2	54.8
1975	53,384.0	27,155.0	50.9
1976	57,883.2	30,737.7	53.1
1977	59,862.8	31,253.4	52.2
1978	60,396.8	29,805.3	49.3
1979	62,819.9	30,928.8	49.2
1980	59,826.0	26,879.2	44.9

Source: The Secretariat, Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries

41.

How much crude oil was produced in the world in 1976? Of this amount, what percentage was produced by the OPEC nations?

42.

What overall trend do you observe in the percentage of the world’s crude oil production supplied by the OPEC nations from 1974 to 1980?

43.

In which year shown did OPEC countries produce the lowest percentage of world oil production? What percentage of the world’s oil did OPEC countries produce that year?

44.

What was the total world oil production in 1979?

ANALYZING A DOCUMENT

This excerpt comes from the keynote speech that Representative Barbara Jordan of Texas gave to the Democratic National Convention in 1976. Read it and then answer the following questions below.

We are a people in search of a national community, attempting to fulfill our national purpose, to create and sustain a society in which all of us are equal....We cannot improve on the system of government handed down to us by the founders of the Republic, but we can find new ways to implement the system and realize our destiny....[T]hose of us who are public servants must set examples. If we promise, we must produce. If we ask for sacrifice, we must be the first to give. If we make mistakes, we must be willing to admit them.

45.

What “national purpose” did Representative Jordan refer to in her speech?

46.

What standards does she set for those who are in politics?

47.

What high goal did Representative Jordan set for the American people?

48.

What examples did she believe politicians should be able to set?