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Chapter 18 Practice -A



Matching
 
 
Match the terms to the descriptions.
a.
Robespierre
f.
bourgeoisie
b.
Napoleonic Code
g.
guerrilla warfare
c.
Marquis de Lafayette
h.
guillotine
d.
Continental System
i.
Olympe de Gouges
e.
ancien régime
j.
plebiscite
 

 1. 

group of laws that reflecting Enlightenment principles
 

 2. 

executed for demanding equal rights for French women
 

 3. 

popular vote by ballot
 

 4. 

the old order in which France was divided into three social classes
 

 5. 

war tactic in which Napoleon closed European ports to British goods
 

 6. 

war tactic involving hit-and-run raids
 

 7. 

one of the main leaders in the Reign of Terror
 

 8. 

head of the French National Guard who fought alongside George Washington
 

 9. 

French middle class
 

 10. 

method for carrying out executions during the Reign of Terror
 

Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
 

 11. 

How did the National Assembly hope to pay off the national debt?
a.
by taxing bread
c.
by borrowing money
b.
by selling Church lands
d.
by selling royal palaces
 

 12. 

How were sans-culottes different from Jacobins?
a.
They were working-class; Jacobins were middle-class.
c.
They were middle-class; Jacobins were working-class.
b.
They were radicals; Jacobins supported the king.
d.
They demanded a republic; Jacobins wanted a limited monarchy.
 

 13. 

In France’s old order, which of the following groups were members of the bourgeoisie?
a.
nobles
c.
peasants
b.
clergy
d.
merchants
 

 14. 

What war tactic helped the Russians defeat Napoleon?
a.
blockades
c.
Continental System
b.
scorched-earth policy
d.
Waterloo Strategy
 

 15. 

Who resisted the ideas of the Declaration of the Rights of Man?
a.
the Legislative Assembly
c.
Louis XVI
b.
the sans-culottes
d.
Marquis de Lafayette
 

 16. 

The Third Estate was
a.
the largest of the estates.
c.
made up of nobles and soldiers.
b.
not required to pay taxes.
d.
the smallest of the estates.
 

 17. 

A major goal of the decision makers at the Congress of Vienna was to
a.
destroy Napoleon’s forces at Waterloo.
b.
suppress revolutionary uprisings throughout Europe.
c.
restore the sans-culottes to power in France.
d.
divide France among the victors.
 

 18. 

The Napoleonic Code was a reform of the nation’s
a.
legal system
c.
political system
b.
educational system
d.
economic system
 

 19. 

What form of government did the National Assembly create with the Constitution of 1791?
a.
a republic
c.
a limited monarchy
b.
an absolute monarchy
d.
a theocracy
 

 20. 

The Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen was modeled on the
a.
United States Constitution.
b.
United States Bill of Rights.
c.
American Declaration of Independence.
d.
British Magna Carta.
 

 21. 

In France’s old order, the clergy belonged to the
a.
First Estate.
c.
Third Estate.
b.
Fourth Estate.
d.
Second Estate.
 

 22. 

Participants in the Tennis Court Oath swore to continue meeting until they were able to bring about
a.
the fall of the Bastille.
c.
a just constitution.
b.
the overthrow of Louis XVI.
d.
a reduction in taxes.
 

 23. 

How did European monarchs and nobles feel about the French Revolution?
a.
They supported it because they held Enlightenment ideals.
c.
They supported it because it weakened France.
b.
They opposed it because they feared revolution would spread.
d.
They supported it because they wanted Europe to be democratic.
 

 24. 

Which of the following helped Napoleon rise to power?
a.
his great speaking ability
c.
his revision of the tax laws
b.
his strong belief in republican government
d.
his military successes
 

 25. 

When radicals took control of the Legislative Assembly in the fall of 1792, they extended voting rights to
a.
all male and female property owners.
c.
all male citizens.
b.
all male property owners.
d.
all citizens.
 

 26. 

The women who marched on Versailles refused to leave until the king agreed to
a.
open government jobs to the poor.
c.
return to Paris.
b.
give up the throne.
d.
reduce the price of bread.
 

 27. 

Napoleon’s final defeat was at the
a.
Battle of the Nations.
c.
Battle of Moscow.
b.
Battle of Waterloo.
d.
Battle of Austerlitz.
 

 28. 

During the Reign of Terror, trials and executions were carried out under the authority of
a.
the Committee of Public Safety.
c.
Louis XVI.
b.
the National Assembly.
d.
Napoleon.
 

 29. 

In the Declaration of Pilnitz, the king of Prussia and emperor of Austria
a.
threatened to intervene to protect the French monarchy.
b.
declared their support for the French Revolution.
c.
offered to take in the exiled French royal family.
d.
declared war on the French revolutionaries.
 

 30. 

In 1789, the delegates to the Estates-General that broke away and declared themselves to be the National Assembly were from the
a.
First Estate.
c.
Fourth Estate.
b.
Third Estate.
d.
Second Estate.
 

 31. 

Which country was able to remain outside Napoleon’s European empire?
a.
Italy
c.
the Netherlands
b.
Britain
d.
Belgium
 

 32. 

To deal with threats to France, the Convention created
a.
the Committee of Public Safety
c.
the Directory
b.
the National Assembly
d.
the Revolutionary Assembly
 

 33. 

The Reign of Terror gave way to the Directory phase of the revolution in which the dominant political force was the
a.
Girondins.
c.
bourgeoisie.
b.
Council of Virtue.
d.
Jacobins.
 

 34. 

Robespierre believed that France could achieve a “republic of virtue” only through
a.
the use of terror.
c.
extending suffrage to more citizens.
b.
observing strict religious laws.
d.
electing a strong, absolute ruler.
 

 35. 

What happened after the Tennis Court Oath?
a.
The cahiers were published.
c.
The king attacked the Bastille.
b.
Royal troops gathered around Paris.
d.
The National Assembly demanded weapons and gunpowder.
 

 36. 

One important result of the Estates-General was
a.
an agreement to close the Bastille.
c.
the abolishing of serfdom.
b.
tax reform.
d.
the National Assembly.
 

 37. 

One way the government tried to de-Christianize France was to
a.
make all people citizens
c.
take away titles of nobility
b.
send priests out of the country
d.
create a secular calendar
 

 38. 

Under the Napoleonic Code
a.
men regained complete authority over their wives.
b.
most Enlightenment principles were abandoned.
c.
the practice of religion was banned.
d.
many aspects of feudalism were restored.
 

 39. 

What effect did the national debt have on France?
a.
It caused bad harvests and soaring food prices.
c.
It helped to worsen the economic crisis.
b.
It made French people dislike the British.
d.
It led to improvements in government.
 

 40. 

The Continental System was a form of
a.
oppression through terror.
c.
social class system.
b.
government.
d.
economic warfare.
 

 41. 

What kind of government did the Constitution of 1791 set up?
a.
an absolute monarchy
c.
a limited monarchy
b.
a republic
d.
a democracy
 

 42. 

Why did the revolutionaries want to abolish the monarchy?
a.
They wanted to establish the French Republic.
c.
They knew the king supported the Reign of Terror.
b.
They thought the king was a threat to Napoleon’s rule.
d.
They disliked the king’s criticism of Robespierre.
 

 43. 

The chief goals of the Congress of Vienna were to
a.
strengthen the British navy and create a balance of power in Europe.
c.
preserve peace through a balance of power and restore monarchies.
b.
promote legitimacy and increase trade on the Rhine River.
d.
make Vienna the capital of Europe and restore peace.
 

 44. 

Louis XVI was forced to dismiss his financial advisor, Jacques Necker, when Necker proposed
a.
reimposing manor dues.
c.
taxing the First and Second estates.
b.
abolishing tariffs on internal trade.
d.
reducing court spending.
 

 45. 

The National Assembly voted to pay off the huge government debt by
a.
selling lands owned by Louis XVI.
c.
selling Church lands.
b.
raising taxes on property.
d.
instituting an income tax.
 

 46. 

Which of the following took place in revolutionary France?
a.
Women gained the right to vote.
c.
Nationalism replaced loyalty to rulers.
b.
The king became a constitutional monarch.
d.
State schools were replaced by religious ones.
 

 47. 

The Congress of Vienna promoted the principle of legitimacy by
a.
combining France and Belgium.
c.
establishing a republic in France.
b.
restoring Napoleon to the throne.
d.
restoring hereditary monarchies.
 

 48. 

Which of the following European powers was Napoleon unable to conquer?
a.
Austria
c.
Britain
b.
Italy
d.
Spain
 

 49. 

Many people saw the Bastille as a symbol of
a.
freedom
c.
social classes
b.
wealth
d.
tyranny
 

 50. 

What was the goal of the mass levy of early 1793?
a.
to erase traces of the old order
c.
to abolish slavery
b.
to raise money for the war effort
d.
to pay for the king’s defense
 

 51. 

The poorest members of the Third Estate were
a.
urban workers.
c.
nuns and priests.
b.
philosophes.
d.
bourgeois families
 

 52. 

When the new National Convention met in 1792, what form of government did the radicals create?
a.
a constitutional monarchy
c.
a republic
b.
a dictatorship
d.
an absolute monarchy
 

 53. 

After overthrowing the Directory in 1799, Napoleon and his followers set up a three-man governing board called the
a.
Assembly.
c.
Revolutionaries.
b.
Convention.
d.
Consulate.
 

 54. 

A disastrous attempt to invade whcih country was the beginning of Napoleon’s downfall?
a.
Austria
c.
Prussia
b.
Russia
d.
Poland
 

Short Answer
 

 55. 

Summarize What was the status of the Church in French society before the revolution? How did this status change through the different phases of the revolution?
 
 
Position A: Napoleon was “the revolution on horseback.”
Position B: Napoleon was a traitor to the revolution.
 

 56. 

Demonstrate Reasoned Judgment Which position stated above do you think best describes Napoleon’s legacy? Support your answer.
 

 57. 

Recognize Cause and Effect What is nationalism? In what ways did nationalism help Napoleon? In what ways did it work against him?
 
 
nar001-1.jpg
 

 58. 

Identify Point of View The cartoon above features Napoleon. The objects on each side of him are a scepter, or staff, and an orb--all symbols of monarchy. The orb and scepter are falling from Napoleon’s hands. What does this mean? The buildings on the right are Russian. The buildings on the left are British. Why did the cartoonist include these buildings? Write a title for this cartoon that reflects its meaning.
 

 59. 

Draw Conclusions Do you think that actions of Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette contributed to their own downfall? Explain.
 

 60. 

Express Problems Clearly Why were many nobles dissatisfied with the French monarchy before the revolution? Why did the nobles want the king to call the Estates-General?
 

 61. 

Make Comparisons Compare and contrast the Jacobins and the sans-culottes. How were they similar? How were they different?
 

 62. 

Draw Conclusions Before the French Revolution, Catherine the Great of Russia was an enlightened despot. Early in her reign she read the works of the philosophes, exchanged letters with Voltaire, and implemented some reforms. However, as the French Revolution progressed, Catherine’s views changed. She burned Voltaire’s letters and locked up her critics. Why do you think Catherine’s views toward Enlightenment ideas changed?
 

 63. 

Recognize Cause and Effect Describe how social, economic, and political conditions before the French Revolution affected ordinary citizens. How were these conditions related to the storming of the Bastille?
 
 
“To propose the trial of Louis XVI is to question the Revolution. If he may be tried, he may be acquitted [cleared of wrongdoing]; if he may be acquitted, he may be innocent. But, if he be innocent, what becomes of the Revolution? If he be innocent, what are we but his calumniators [those who tell lies about someone]? . . . his imprisonment is a crime; all the patriots are guilty; and the great cause which for so many centuries has been debated between crime and virtue, between liberty and tyranny, is finally decided in favour of crime and despotism!”
—Maximilien Robespierre
 

 64. 

Identify Point of View In the quotation above, what was Robespierre arguing for or against? Explain Robespierre’s point of view. Did Robespierre get his way? Explain.
 



 
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