Matching
|
|
|
Match the terms to the descriptions. a. | salon | f. | Montesquieu | b. | Thomas Jefferson | g. | rococo | c. | Diderot | h. | George Washington | d. | George III | i. | Adam Smith | e. | baroque | j. | popular sovereignty |
|
|
|
1.
|
light and delicate artistic style popular during the reign of Louis XV
|
|
|
2.
|
principle that all government power comes from the people
|
|
|
3.
|
proposed the idea of separation of powers in government
|
|
|
4.
|
his government made policies that helped bring about the American
Revolution
|
|
|
5.
|
argued that the forces of supply and demand in a free market can regulate
business activity
|
|
|
6.
|
informal social gathering where Enlightenment thinkers exchanged ideas
|
|
|
7.
|
helped spread Enlightenment ideas by compiling articles by leading thinkers
into a 28-volume work
|
|
|
8.
|
chosen to command the American forces during the American Revolution
|
|
|
9.
|
principal author of the Declaration of Independence
|
|
|
10.
|
grand, ornate style of art and architecture popular during the age of Louis
XIV
|
Multiple Choice
Identify the
choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
|
|
|
11.
|
What rules discoverable by reason did Enlightenment thinkers try to apply to the
study of human behavior and society?
a. | natural right | c. | natural law | b. | social contract | d. | divine right |
|
|
|
12.
|
In A Vindication of the Rights of Woman, Mary Wollstonecraft argued that
women and men should have equal
a. | property rights. | c. | voting rights. | b. | education. | d. | employment
opportunities. |
|
|
|
13.
|
Physiocrats supported a government policy of
a. | laissez faire. | c. | mercantilism. | b. | tariffs. | d. | trade
regulation. |
|
|
|
14.
|
Enlightenment writers often faced censorship because they
a. | wrote fiction. | c. | supported traditional ideas. | b. | challenged the old
order. | d. | wrote in
salons. |
|
|
|
15.
|
An enlightened despot was a ruler who
a. | influenced political and social change. | b. | gave up absolute
power. | c. | allowed limited voting rights. | d. | wrote satire to expose
corruption. |
|
|
|
16.
|
Which enlightened despot traveled among the peasants in disguise to learn about
their problems?
a. | Catherine the Great | c. | Frederick the Great | b. | Maria Theresa | d. | Joseph II |
|
|
|
17.
|
Because the American colonies were home to diverse reglious and ethnic
groups,
a. | the colonists tended to support British taxes. | b. | the colonists tended
to support British royalty. | c. | social distinctions were more blurred than in
Europe. | d. | the colonists did not feel entitled to the rights of English
citizens. |
|
|
|
18.
|
Britain passed the Navigation Acts to
a. | support free trade in the colonies. | b. | encourage world
exploration. | c. | crack down on smugglers. | d. | regulate colonial trade and
manufacturing. |
|
|
|
19.
|
The Battle of Saratoga marked a turning point in the American Revolution
because
a. | it was the first American defeat in the war. | b. | the American victory
convinced France to support the Revolution. | c. | it caused the British to sign the Treaty of
Paris. | d. | the French fleet helped the Americans triumph. |
|
|
|
20.
|
American leaders gathered in Philadelphia in 1787 to revise
a. | the Magna Carta. | c. | the Articles of Confederation. | b. | the Bill of
Rights. | d. | the Declaration of
Independence. |
|
|
|
21.
|
Enlightenment thinkers were influenced by the idea of natural law that emerged
from the
a. | Reformation. | c. | Scientific Revolution. | b. | Glorious
Revolution. | d. | Renaissance. |
|
|
|
22.
|
According to Thomas Hobbes, the best form of government is
a. | a federal republic. | c. | a theocracy. | b. | a democracy. | d. | an absolute
monarchy. |
|
|
|
23.
|
The system of checks and balances in the United States Constitution was
influenced by the ideas of which Enlightenment thinker?
a. | Montesquieu | c. | Rousseau | b. | Voltaire | d. | Diderot |
|
|
|
24.
|
Diderot’s Encyclopedia was important because it
a. | compiled classical Greek and Roman works. | b. | spread Enlightenment
ideas. | c. | was the first publication printed with moveable type. | d. | was the first
publication to include articles by women. |
|
|
|
25.
|
Economist Adam Smith argued that, in a free market, business activity would be
regulated by the forces of
a. | wages and prices. | c. | supply and demand. | b. | saving and investment. | d. | manufacturing and
trade. |
|
|
|
26.
|
What Enlightenment thinker argued that the purpose of government is to safeguard
the natural rights of the people?
a. | Thomas Hobbes | c. | René Descartes | b. | Voltaire | d. | John Locke |
|
|
|
27.
|
What statement best describes Voltaire’s novel Candide?
a. | supports a society based on a class system | b. | advocates the divine
right to rule | c. | exposes corruption and hypocrisy | d. | emphasizes heavenly reward for earthly
suffering |
|
|
|
28.
|
Enlightenment writers sometimes tried to avoid censorship by
a. | writing in Latin. | c. | putting false covers on their books. | b. | disguising their
ideas as fiction. | d. | supporting a strict class system. |
|
|
|
29.
|
Elegant compositions by Handel, Haydn, and Mozart reflected a new musical style
of the Enlightenment known as
a. | classical. | c. | folk. | b. | baroque. | d. | romantic. |
|
|
|
30.
|
During the Enlightenment, what argument did government and church officials use
to justify their war of censorship?
a. | A strict class system ensures social justice. | b. | The old order
reflects natural law. | c. | God set up the old order. | d. | The old order
respects Roman tradition. |
|
|
|
31.
|
In the 1700s, British merchants gained enormous wealth by dominating what type
of trade with Spanish America?
a. | tea | c. | cotton | b. | molasses | d. | slaves |
|
|
|
32.
|
Which of the following British laws imposed taxes on such items as newspapers
and pamphlets in the American colonies?
a. | Stamp Act | c. | Declaratory Act | b. | Navigation Act | d. | Sugar Act |
|
|
|
33.
|
Which of the following was an advantage of the colonists in the American
Revolution?
a. | large money resources for military supplies | b. | a large number of
trained soldiers | c. | allies among Native Americans and enslaved people | d. | diverse
geography |
|
|
|
34.
|
The Constitution created a federal republic, which divided power between
a. | branches of the state government. | c. | two houses of
parliament. | b. | national and state governments. | d. | the government and the
people. |
|
|
|
35.
|
The idea of separation of powers in the Constitution was borrowed from
Enlightenment thinker
a. | Voltaire. | c. | Rousseau. | b. | Locke. | d. | Montesquieu. |
|
|
|
36.
|
Who wrote that people have a natural right to overthrow a government that
violates their rights?
a. | Thomas Hobbes | c. | Immanuel Kant | b. | John Locke | d. | Adam Smith |
|
|
|
37.
|
Which book stated that only freely elected governments should impose control on
people?
a. | Leviathan | c. | The Critique of Pure Reason | b. | The Social
Contract | d. | The Wealth of
Nations |
|
|
|
38.
|
How did the Scientific Revolution lead to the Enlightenment?
a. | It gave monarchs more power | c. | It encouraged people to use reason
to try to understand social, political, and economic issues. | b. | It helped factories
to grow larger and factory owners to become rich. | d. | It extended the natural rights of European
citizens. |
|
|
|
39.
|
Influential opponents of the Enlightenment included
a. | church authorities | c. | the philosophes | b. | enlightened despots | d. | Defoe &
Haydn |
|
|
|
40.
|
Bach, Handel, Mozart, and Haydn were all Enlightenment
a. | painters | c. | philosphes | b. | musicians | d. | writers |
|
|
|
41.
|
A literary form that developed during the Enlightenment was
a. | the novel | c. | the short story | b. | the epic poem | d. | the lyric poem |
|
|
|
42.
|
How did the French and Indian War lead to the colonists’
dissatisfaction?
a. | Ways of life in the northern and southern colonies began to differ. | c. | The British defeat
led to greater French influence in America. | b. | Tensions increased because of the Boston Tea
Party. | d. | Colonists had to pay
higher taxes to pay for the war effort. |
|
|
|
43.
|
The year 1776 is considered the United States’ birthday because
a. | the Declaration of Independence was adopted | c. | the Constitution was
written. | b. | the colonists defeated the British. | d. | the Treaty of Paris ended the Revolutionary
War. |
|
|
|
44.
|
What is the purpose of the Bill of Rights?
a. | to place the ideas of Thomas Hobbes in the Constitution. | c. | to recognize that
the people have rights the government must protect. | b. | to limit the rights of individuals and
strengthen the government. | d. | to recognize that states have special rights. |
|
Short Answer
|
|
|
|
|
|
45.
|
Analyze Information Briefly summarize what the diagram shows. Based on
the diagram, what is the function of a veto? What is the check on veto power? What is one way that
the judicial branch can limit the power of the executive branch?
|
|
|
46.
|
Compare Points of View Compare the views of Thomas Hobbes and John Locke
on human nature. How did these views influence their ideas on the proper role of government?
|
|
|
47.
|
Summarize Summarize the reasons why Enlightenment ideas were slow to
influence the lives of most Europeans.
|
|
|
“No taxation without
representation.”
|
|
|
48.
|
Identify Central Issues What group of people used the phrase shown above?
Why? What key issue did the phrase reflect? What important event in history did this issue help to
bring about?
|
|
|
49.
|
Predict Consequences How might the outcome of the American Revolution
have been different if France had not participated? Explain.
|
|
|
“We hold these truths to
be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain
unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness. That to secure
these rights, Governments are instituted among Men, deriving their just powers from the consent of
the governed; That whenever any Form of Government becomes destructive of these ends it is the Right
of the People to alter or to abolish it, and to institute new Government, laying its foundation on
such principles and organizing its powers in such form, as to them shall seem most likely to effect
their Safety and Happiness.”
—Declaration of Independence,
July 4, 1776
|
|
|
50.
|
Identify Point of View Enlightenment thinker John Locke influenced the
ideas in the Declaration of Independence. In the excerpt above, identify and describe the ideas that
reflect John Locke’s point of view.
|
|
|
51.
|
Recognize Cause and Effect Describe how art changed from the style
popular during the reign of Louis XIV to the style popular during the reign of Louis XV. How might
this change in style reflect Enlightenment ideas?
|
|
|
52.
|
Identify Central Issues Identify three reforms made by enlightened
despots.
|
|
|
53.
|
Predict Consequences If Britain had loosened its policies toward the
colonies, do you think the American Revolution could have been avoided? Explain your
reasoning.
|
|
|
54.
|
Summarize Summarize several reasons why Britain was able to become a
global power by the 1700s.
|