Name: 
 

Chapter 19 Practice Test


Matching
 
 
Match the terms to the descriptions.
a.
turnpike
f.
Robert Owen
b.
enterprise
g.
anesthetic
c.
tenement
h.
urbanization
d.
James Watt
i.
entrepreneurs
e.
proletariat
j.
Jeremy Bentham
 

 1. 

 those who manage and assume the financial risk of new businesses
 

 2. 

 utopian socialist who set up a model community in New Lanark, Scotland
 

 3. 

 British philosopher and economist who advocated utilitarianism
 

 4. 

 the working class
 

 5. 

 the movement of people to cities
 

 6. 

 a business organization in areas such as shipping, mining, or factories
 

 7. 

 a private toll road
 

 8. 

 a drug that prevents pain during surgery, patented by a dentist
 

 9. 

 an apartment building for the working class
 

 10. 

 improved the steam engine in the late 1700s
 

Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
 

 11. 
During the Industrial Revolution, life changed in what basic way?
a.
People migrated from villages to work on large farms.
b.
People began selling their goods instead of trading them.
c.
People learned to use machines to make their own clothes.
d.
People migrated from rural areas to cities.
 

 12. 
The cotton gin was a machine that could
a.
spin thread.
c.
remove insects from raw cotton.
b.
weave thread into cloth.
d.
separate seeds from raw cotton.
 

 13. 
The first factories developed in what industry?
a.
textiles
c.
coal mining
b.
agriculture
d.
iron manufacturing
 

 14. 
The Luddites were a
a.
new religious movement.
c.
labor organization.
b.
political party.
d.
secret socialist group.
 

 15. 
In the early 1700s, Abraham Darby’s experiments led him to
a.
develop methods for increasing crop yields.
b.
patent a spinning machine called the water frame.
c.
produce less expensive, better-quality iron.
d.
harness new sources of energy.
 

 16. 
Thomas Malthus discouraged vaccinations because
a.
he feared that vaccinations would cause disease.
b.
disease was a natural means of population control.
c.
vaccinations were not yet effective enough to control disease.
d.
vaccinations were too expensive for the poor.
 

 17. 
Which of the following best describes David Ricardo’s “Iron Law of Wages?”
a.
Wages will increase in direct proportion to the rise in prices.
b.
Wages will continue to increase for the rich but not for the poor.
c.
Wages will never increase as long as there are more workers than available jobs.
d.
Wage increases will not raise the standard of living of poor families.
 

 18. 
“The greatest happiness for the greatest number” was a goal of
a.
utilitarianism.
c.
capitalism.
b.
socialism.
d.
communism.
 

 19. 
Germany formed a social democracy in the 1860s to change gradually
a.
from socialism to capitalism.
c.
from capitalism to socialism.
b.
from socialism to communism.
d.
from communism to capitalism.
 

 20. 
Karl Marx despised capitalism because he believed that it
a.
limited the individual freedoms of the people.
b.
created prosperity for a few and poverty for many.
c.
discouraged labor unions.
d.
prevented government from protecting workers.
 

 21. 
Land enclosure in the 1600s and 1700s resulted in
a.
more farms.
c.
larger farms.
b.
more peasant farmers.
d.
more fenced farms.
 

 22. 
Abraham Darby made better quality iron by
a.
using charcoal to smelt the iron.
c.
using steam to smelt the iron.
b.
using oil to smelt the iron.
d.
using coal to smelt the iron.
 

 23. 
Steam became an efficient power source because of improvements made by
a.
John Stuart Mill.
c.
Thomas Newcomen.
b.
James Watt.
d.
Eli Whitney.
 

 24. 
The slave trade contributed to the rise of industry in Britain by
a.
creating a large factory workforce.
c.
providing cheap labor.
b.
bringing in investment capital.
d.
increasing the demand for goods.
 

 25. 
The development of steam power enabled the growth of
a.
railroads.
c.
the putting-out system.
b.
canals.
d.
cottage industries.
 

 26. 
In what way were railroads an improvement over canals?
a.
Railroads could connect two rivers.
b.
Railroads could connect an inland town to a coastal port.
c.
Railroads did not have to follow the course of a river.
d.
Railroads were the only form of overland transportation.
 

 27. 
The putting-out system was a method of
a.
removing iron from its ore.
c.
producing cloth in individual homes.
b.
separating seeds from cotton.
d.
spinning thread with water power.
 

 28. 
The people who lived in tenements in industrial cities were part of the
a.
bourgeoisie.
c.
middle class.
b.
upper class.
d.
working class.
 

 29. 
Laws called “factory acts” were passed in the early 1800s to
a.
provide free education for working children.
b.
reform child labor.
c.
allow workers to organize into unions.
d.
provide the right to vote for working-class men.
 

 30. 
Most early factory workers were women because
a.
more women than men sought employment.
b.
employers could pay women less than men.
c.
women were less likely than men to have accidents.
d.
women were more willing than men to work long hours.
 

 31. 
Which of the following was a long-term result of the Industrial Revolution?
a.
a general decline in the standard of living
b.
the overall poverty of the working class
c.
a general rise in the standard of living
d.
an overall decline in population
 

 32. 
According to laissez-faire economists, the cure for poverty was
a.
welfare.
b.
laws requiring factories to increase wages.
c.
popular reform movements.
d.
an unrestricted free market.
 

 33. 
Jeremy Bentham believed that
a.
laws should be judged by whether they bring more pleasure than pain.
b.
citizens should be willing to give up individual freedom for the good of the majority.
c.
government should play no role in the economy.
d.
poverty was inevitable, in spite of wage increases for the working class.
 

 34. 
According to socialists, the solution to poverty and injustice was
a.
armed revolution to overthrow the proletariat.
b.
individual ownership of the means of production.
c.
shared ownership by the people of the means of production.
d.
the charity and good works of the religious community.
 

 35. 
Which group established communities where all work is shared and all property is owned in common?
a.
Communists
c.
Utopians
b.
capitalists
d.
Utilitarians
 

 36. 
Which statement best describes the Industrial Revolution?
a.
Important inventions suddenly changed life all across Europe.
c.
The method of production changed, from machines to hand tools.
b.
There was a gradual change in the way people lived and worked.
d.
It completely destroyed farming and agriculture and created industry.
 

 37. 
The Industrial Revolution began in
a.
France
c.
Britain
b.
the United States
d.
the Netherlands
 

 38. 
Charles Townshend and Jethro Tull were
a.
developers of new agricultural techniques.
c.
American inventors of the sewing machine.
b.
inventors of new industrial processes.
d.
pioneers in improved sanitation.
 

 39. 
What is one way that improved agriculture contributed to population growth?
a.
It led to better sanitation.
c.
It meant that horses could be used for transportation.
b.
It created a surplus of food.
d.
It led to the production of more wool for warm clothing.
 

 40. 
How did theEnclosure Movement in Britain affect small farmers?
a.
Farms became less productive.
c.
The number of small farmers shot up from 5 million to 9 million.
b.
Farmers learned to use steam power to harvest crops.
d.
Many farmers lost farms and had to move to cities for work.
 

 41. 
What was one of the major uses for high-quality iron?
a.
to make tractors
c.
to make railroads
b.
to make roads
d.
to make airplanes
 

 42. 
For what two reasons did the Industrial Revolution begin in Britain?
a.
Britain lacked natural resources and steam power.
c.
Britain was able to grow cotton, and had a stable government.
b.
Britain had falling prices and cheap transportation.
d.
Britain had plentiful natural resources and easy access to the sea.
 

 43. 
How did labor and capital combine to create the Industrial Revolution?
a.
Capital was invested in factories that employed the workforce.
c.
The upper class opened up businesses.
b.
Workers invested their own capital in new factories and technology.
d.
The labor force used capital to hire entrepreneurs to start factories.
 

 44. 
What effect did new machine technology have on the putting-out system?
a.
It made the putting out system more economical.
c.
It resulted in more people being hired for the putting out system.
b.
It ended the putting out system.
d.
it caused more workplace injuries.
 

 45. 
The flying shuttle and the spinning jenny were technological advances in
a.
transportation.
c.
the textile industry.
b.
steam-power generation.
d.
the shipping industry.
 

 46. 
In the transportation industry, steam power was used to operate
a.
bridges
c.
canals
b.
flying shuttles
d.
locomotives.
 

 47. 
Those who benefited most from the Industrial Revolution were
a.
entrepeneurs.
c.
farm workers
b.
women and children.
d.
the working class.
 

 48. 
Luddites, who smashed machines in Britain, were groups of
a.
rural workers
c.
miners
b.
textile workers
d.
missionaries
 

 49. 
What was one hazard of working in textile factories?
a.
darkness
c.
air filled with lint
b.
explosions
d.
low ceilings
 

 50. 
In the 1830’s and 1840’s, British inspectors made sure that
a.
textile quality was high
c.
Methodism was followed
b.
mines were safe
d.
labor laws were followed
 

 51. 
One positive effect of the Industrial Revolution was
a.
a drop in workplace injuries.
c.
a rise in wages.
b.
a drop in employment.
d.
better quality  mass-produced goods.
 

 52. 
Thomas Malthus is best known for his writings about
a.
population and the food supply.
c.
the struggle between the classes.
b.
utilitarianism.
d.
the “law of wages”.
 

 53. 
Laissez-faire economists believed
a.
actions were right if they promoted happiness.
c.
the bourgeoisie would always operate farms.
b.
the government should control the means of production.
d.
a free market would help everyone.
 

 54. 
Robert Owen was a Utopian who supported
a.
labor unions.
c.
communism.
b.
stricted laws.
d.
private ownership.
 

 55. 
Two goals of communism are to
a.
close factories & outlaw large families.
c.
build larger factories & grant universal suffrage.
b.
end capitalism & create a classless society.
d.
learn laissez-faire economics & reduce government control.
 

Short Answer
 

 56. 
Make Generalizations Explain why Adam Smith thought that laissez-faire economics would benefit everyone in society. Do you think his theory was correct as applied to Britain during the Industrial Revolution?
 

 57. 
Synthesize Information Discuss how technological change and population growth launched the Industrial Revolution in Britain.
 

 58. 
Demonstrate Reasoned Judgment Do you think the results of the Industrial Revolution were worth the human cost? Explain your reasoning.
 

 59. 
Determine Relevance What was the significance of the development of steam power to industrialization?
 

 60. 
Recognize Cause and Effect  Explain how the invention of machines such as the spinning jenny and water frame changed the location where people worked.
 

 61. 
Make Generalizations  Describe some of the harsh living and working conditions the working class endured in cities. How did industrial workers cope with these conditions?
 

 62. 
Synthesize Information Explain how the agricultural revolution helped to bring about the Industrial Revolution.
 



 
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