Chapter 28 Practice Test
Multiple Choice
Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
IDENTIFYING MAIN IDEAS
____
1.Kennedy won the 1960 election by a
1.Kennedy won the 1960 election by aa. mandate. c. vote in the House of Representatives.b. landslide.d. very slim margin.____2.In 1961, President Kennedy committed NASA and the nation to the goal of
2.In 1961, President Kennedy committed NASA and the nation to the goal ofa. overhauling the nation’s military forces. b. landing a man on the moon within the decade.c. expanding the nation’s highway system. d. replacing Fidel Castro with Fulgencio Batista as ruler of Cuba.____3.The Warren Commission declared that Kennedy’s assassination was the work of a
3.The Warren Commission declared that Kennedy’s assassination was the work of aa. gang sent from Cuba.c. large, organized conspiracy.b. CIA-directed plot.d. lone assassin.____4.After Kennedy authorized a military buildup to show that the United States would not be bullied by the Soviet Union, the Soviets
4.After Kennedy authorized a military buildup to show that the United States would not be bullied by the Soviet Union, the Sovietsa. placed a blockade around West Berlin. c. began construction of the Berlin Wall. b. tried to invade West Germany. d. forced UN troops from East Germany. ____5.Which of the following best describes Kennedy’s domestic policy success?
5.Which of the following best describes Kennedy’s domestic policy success?a. Congress supported nearly all his programs, but most were failures.b. He had won a popular mandate that made passage of his programs easy.c. He rarely succeeded in pushing legislation through Congress.d. He launched a remarkable reform program that altered American society.____6.What did the Warren Commission decide about the Kennedy assassination?
6.What did the Warren Commission decide about the Kennedy assassination?a. The assassination had been authorized by the CIA.b. Kennedy was killed by one man who had worked alone.c. Communist sympathizers had helped plan the assassination.d. Industrial leaders had plotted the murder.____7.What was the intent of the Immigration Act of 1965, which was passed during the Johnson administration?
7.What was the intent of the Immigration Act of 1965, which was passed during the Johnson administration?a. to increase the number of immigrants from northern and western Europeb. to eliminate quotas restricting immigration from certain countriesc. to reduce the total annual number of immigrants to the United Statesd. to stem the flow of political refugees to the United States____8.President Kennedy asked for a huge increase in military spending because
8.President Kennedy asked for a huge increase in military spending becausea. he wanted to attack Cuba. b. the Soviet Union continually attacked American ships.c. he wanted to compete with the Soviet Union’s space program successes.d. he was afraid that the Soviet Union planned to take over Europe.____9.Which of the following brought the United States and the Soviet Union to the brink of nuclear war?
9.Which of the following brought the United States and the Soviet Union to the brink of nuclear war?a. the Panamanian riot b. the signing of the Limited Test Ban Treatyc. the Cuban Missile Crisisd. the Bay of Pigs invasion____10.During the 1960 presidential campaign, John F. Kennedy promised to
10.During the 1960 presidential campaign, John F. Kennedy promised toa. win the Cold War against the Soviet Union.b. cut back dramatically on military spending.c. abolish the Electoral College. d. get the American economy moving again.____11.Unlike Kennedy, President Lyndon B. Johnson
11.Unlike Kennedy, President Lyndon B. Johnsona. opposed civil rights legislation.b. was more concerned with foreign than domestic policy.c. believed military commanders should use nuclear weapons.d. had a strong mandate.____12.Several of the important decisions of the Supreme Court under Chief Justice Earl Warren focused on
12.Several of the important decisions of the Supreme Court under Chief Justice Earl Warren focused ona. protecting the constitutional rights of citizens accused of crimes.b. declaring Great Society legislation unconstitutional.c. continuing segregation policies in American public schools.d. medical care for the poor and the elderly.____13.Critics of the Great Society complained that it
13.Critics of the Great Society complained that ita. helped only the middle class.b. spent too little money. c. gave the federal government too much authority.d. gave local communities too much governmental power.____14.As a result of the Cuban Missile Crisis,
14.As a result of the Cuban Missile Crisis,a. Fidel Castro was removed from power.b. the United States set up missile sites in Cuba.c. the United States increased investments in Cuba.d. the Soviets removed their missiles from Cuba.____15.Kennedy established the Alliance for Progress in the Western Hemisphere to
15.Kennedy established the Alliance for Progress in the Western Hemisphere toa. replace the Monroe Doctrine.b. discourage the spread of communism.c. promote procommunist revolutionary movements in Latin America.d. end American involvement in South Vietnam.____16. Which best describes the state of the American economy in 1960?
16. Which best describes the state of the American economy in 1960?a. shrinking dramaticallyb. sluggish, with low GNP growthc. booming, with high GNP growthd. rapidly growing per capita income____17.Which of the following was not a goal of the New Frontier program?
17.Which of the following was not a goal of the New Frontier program?a. to cut taxesb. to empower big businessc. to promote the space programd. to provide aid to the poor____18.Which of the following best describes the Great Society?
18.Which of the following best describes the Great Society?a. It won passage of several New Frontier goals and added to them.b. It threw out New Frontier measures and replaced them all.c. It lacked any support in Congress.d. It cut back considerably on federal government spending.____19.What was the effect of the tax-cut bill that Johnson got Congress to pass?
19.What was the effect of the tax-cut bill that Johnson got Congress to pass?a. The unemployment rate increased.c. The federal deficit grew quickly.b. GNP rose steadily. d. Inflation rose dramatically.____20.Which of the following best describes the major guiding principle behind the foreign policies of Kennedy and Johnson?
20.Which of the following best describes the major guiding principle behind the foreign policies of Kennedy and Johnson?a. to keep European nations out of Latin Americanb. to stifle Asian trade to benefit European tradec. to make peace with the Soviet Uniond. to stop the spread of communism____21.Which of the following was a major part of Johnson’s Great Society?
21.Which of the following was a major part of Johnson’s Great Society?a. a tax increase.b. aid to foreign countries.c. reductions in antipoverty programs.d. health care legislation.____22.What effect did Supreme Court decisions on apportionment bring about?
22.What effect did Supreme Court decisions on apportionment bring about?a. People accused of a crime must be informed of their rights.b. Low-cost health insurance must be provided for the poor.c. Electoral districts had to be redrawn based on “one person, one vote.”d. Criminal suspects must be given legal aid free if they cannot afford it.Short Answer: CRITICAL THINKING
23.Making Comparisons Why was President Johnson more successful than President Kennedy in pushing his measures through Congress?24.Determining Relevance In what way was President Johnson’s Great Society a continuation of President Kennedy’s New Frontier?25.Checking Consistency How was President Kennedy’s foreign policy consistent with the United States’ Cold War goal of containing communism?26.Drawing Conclusions At the end of the Cuban Missile Crisis, Secretary of State Dean Rusk remarked to President Kennedy, “We have won a considerable victory. You and I are still alive.” State in your own words what Rusk meant.Essay: INTERPRETING A TABLE
Social Welfare Expenditures in the United States, 1950 – 1975
Expenditures per capita . (in constant 1984 dollars) Expenditures as percentage of GNP
(in constant 1984 dollars) Expenditures as percentage of GNPFiscal All social Social Public All social Social Public
All social Social Public All social Social Public Year welfare insurance welfare welfare insurance welfare
insurance welfare welfare insurance welfare programs programs
programs1950 630 133 75 8.2 1.7 1.0
630 133 75 8.2 1.7 1.01960 984 346 94 10.33.81.0
984 346 94 10.33.81.01965 1189 432 119 11.24.11.1
1189 432 119 11.24.11.11970 1773 660 229 14.75.51.9
1773 660 229 14.75.51.91975 2424 1026 389 19.08.1 2.9
2424 1026 389 19.08.1 2.9Note: Social insurance includes all social security programs, including Medicare, public employee retirement, and unemployment insurance. Public welfare includes cash public assistance, Medicaid, food stamps, and public housing. Health and education expenditures are included in "All social welfare programs."Source: Ann Kallman Bixby, "Public Welfare Expenditures, Fiscal Year 1984," Social Security Bulletin 50, no. 6 (June 1987).
Source: Ann Kallman Bixby, "Public Welfare Expenditures, Fiscal Year 1984," Social Security Bulletin 50, no. 6 (June 1987).27.President Johnson launched the “War on Poverty” in 1964. How did this program affect expenditures on public welfare programs from 1965-1975?28.President Johnson launched the “War on Poverty” in 1964. How did the program affect expenditures per capita for all social welfare programs from 1965-1975?29.What information from the table might some Americans have used to support their claim that social welfare programs were a drain on the economy?30.By 1975, how much greater was the percentage of GNP spent on social insurance programs than that spent on public welfare programs?ANALYZING A DOCUMENT
The excerpt below comes from a speech that President Kennedy delivered in June 1963 dealing with relations between the United States and the Soviet Union. Read it and then answer the following questions below.
"History teaches that enmities [conflicts] between nations, as between individuals, do not last forever...the tide of time and events will often bring surprising changes in the relations between nations and neighbors....We are both devoting massive sums of money to weapons that could be better devoted to combating ignorance, poverty, and disease. We are both caught up in a vicious and dangerous cycle in which suspicion on one side breeds suspicion on the other and new weapons beget counterweapons....Agreements to this end [arms limitations] are in the interests of the Soviet Union as well as ours...."31.According to Kennedy, why do relations between countries change?32.Did Kennedy believe that the Cold War led to a positive or a negative use of economic resources? Explain.33.Why did he think that ending the Cold War would benefit both sides?34.Was Kennedy correct about enmities between nations not lasting forever? Explain.IDENTIFYING KEY TERMS, PEOPLE, AND PLACES
35.mandate_____________________________________________________________________
36.Great Society_____________________________________________________________________
37.Volunteers in Service to America (VISTA) _____________________________________________________________________38.Immigration Act of 1965_____________________________________________________________________
39.Medicaid_____________________________________________________________________
40.Cuban Missile Crisis_____________________________________________________________________
41.Limited Test Ban Treaty_____________________________________________________________________
42.New Frontier_____________________________________________________________________
43.Medicare_____________________________________________________________________
44.Miranda rule_____________________________________________________________________
45.Bay of Pigs invasion_____________________________________________________________________
46.Berlin Wall_____________________________________________________________________
47.Alliance for Progress_____________________________________________________________________
48.Peace Corps_____________________________________________________________________
