1.	2 According to recent research, women score higher than men on _____. A. verbal and written language skills B. mathematical calculation and perceptual speed C. target-directed motor skills and fine motor coordination D. none of these options; men and women score the same on all tasks

2.	1 Positron emission tomography (PET) scans are used to determine _____. A. information about brain function B. which areas of the brain are active, and which are inactive C. the efficiency of brain use D. all of these options

3.	4 The _____ is responsible for moving Na+ out of an axon and K+ into an axon to restore and preserve the resting potential. A. hypothalamus B. sodium-potassium pump C. ionic pentameter D. none of these options

4.	4 The two major ions involved in action potentials are _____. A. hydrogen and chlorine B. sulfur and silicon C. sodium and potassium D. manganese and lithium

5.	2 If a neurosurgeon wanted to prevent the right hemisphere of your brain from sending messages to your left hemisphere, she would have to sever your _____. A. amygdala B. frontal lobes C. association cortex D. corpus callosum

6.	2 Rosa has multiple sclerosis, a degenerative disorder that causes myelin to disintegrate. What effect is this going to have on Rosa's nerve impulses? A. they will slow down B. they will be stopped in the soma C. they will speed up D. none of these options

7.

2 While riding her bicycle without a helmet, Irene fell and hit the back of her head. Which of these symptoms might she experience and why? A. She may be paralyzed because she injured her motor cortex. B. She may have visual problems because she injured her occipital lobe. C. She may be paralyzed because she injured her cerebellum. D. She may stop breathing because she injured her brain stem.

8.

2 Which of the following is TRUE regarding the pons? A. it has fibers that connect the two halves of the cerebellum B. it has fibers that carry visual and auditory information to the brain and cerebellum C. it has fibers that are associated with breathing, moving, sleeping, and rapid eye movement during dreaming D. all of these options

9.	1 A bundle of axons from many neurons is called a _____. A. ganglia B. somatic gathering C. neuronal bundle D. nerve

10.	1 The basic units (cells) of the brain, spinal cord, and nerves are the _____. A. neurons B. neurotransmitters C. synapses D. myelin

11.	4 Most psychoactive drugs have their effects in the _____ to either increase or decrease _____. A. spinal cord; reflexes B. axon; Na+ and K+ ions C. cell body; proteins and other nutrients D. synapse; neurotransmitters

12.

2 Which of the following is TRUE regarding the two cerebral hemispheres? A. The left hemisphere is usually specialized for language functions B. The right hemisphere is usually specialized for nonverbal abilities C. Integration of both hemispheres improves performance on many tasks D. all of these options

13.

2 Beverly had a stroke that affected her _____ area, and has not been able to speak even though she can read and write; Jonathan had a stroke that affected his _____ area, and speaks gibberish and is unable to make sense of what other people tell him. A. memory; language B. Broca's; Wernicke's C. Wernicke's; Broca's D. language; memory

14.	4 An axon membrane that has a high concentration of sodium ions outside and a high concentration of potassium and protein ions inside is in a(n) _____ state, and this is called a(n) _____ potential. A. active; excitatory B. neutral; resting C. resting; resting D. neutral; inhibitory

15.	1 The system of destruction of brain tissue and the study of changes in behavior is known as _____. A. systematic deautomatization B. the lesion technique C. electrical monitoring D. CAT

16.	4 Which of the following is a function of the soma? A. integration of information from dendrites B. absorption of nutrients and production of proteins needed by the neuron C. production of the myelin sheath D. both A and B

17.	2 Which areas of your brain are involved in thinking about and planning your answers to the questions on this exam? A. the association areas B. Broca's and Wernicke's areas C. the parietal areas D. the cerebella areas

18.	4 The major ions involved in the resting and action potential are _____. A. sodium and hydrogen B. hydrogen and potassium C. DNA and RNA D. potassium and sodium

19.	4 The autonomic nervous system is responsible for _____. A. maintaining homeostasis B. the functioning of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems C. regulation of the heart muscle and other smooth muscles D. all of these options

20.

2 Which of the following characteristics of the cerebral cortex is INACCURATE? The cerebral cortex _____. A. is the convoluted gray matter on the outside surface of the brain B. controls both autonomic and voluntary behavior C. contains both sensory and motor control centers D. is responsible for higher mental processes

21.	4-5 The _____ is a diffuse set of cells in the medulla, pons, hypothalamus, and thalamus that serves as a filter for incoming sensory information. A. brain stem B. corpus callosum C. limbic system D. reticular activating system (RAS)

22.	4 The spinal cord is found inside the spinal column and is involved in _____. A. relaying neural information from the body to the brain B. relaying neural information from the brain to the body C. reflexes D. all of these options

23.	4-5 The branching parts of the neuron that receive neural impulses from other neurons and send them toward the soma are called _____. A. myelin sheaths B. axon buttons C. dendrites D. nerves

24.	1 Movements that are initiated by an external stimulus and bypass input from the brain are called _____. A. spasms B. clumsy accidents C. the other guy's fault D. reflexes

25.

5 The somatic nervous system is made up of _____. A. sensory and motor nerves going to and from the CNS, organs, and skeletal muscles B. the spinal cord and interneurons in the spine C. the nerves that maintain the functioning of the glands, heart muscles, and other smooth muscles D. all of these options

26.

2 The advantage of MRI and fMRI scans over other scans is that _____. A. radioactive glucose tracers are not needed for MRI and fMRI procedures as they are in PET scans B. they can be used on living people, while PET scans cannot C. they provide bigger pictures than CAT scans D. all of these options

27.

2 Which of the following is NOT true regarding EEG? A. the electrical activity of a single neuron, group of neurons, or an intact nerve can be measured separately B. electrodes are needles inserted into the scalp on a person's head C. EEG is used to study the different stages of sleep and dreaming D. all of these options are true

28.

2 Which of the following statements is ACCURATE, based on autopsy studies of the hypothalamus conducted by Dr. LeVay? A. The anterior hypothalamus was found to be twice as large in heterosexual men compared to homosexual men and heterosexual women. B. The size of the hypothalamus was found to be the determining factor in the development of a person's sexual orientation. C. A person's sexual orientation was found to be the determining factor in the size of his or her hypothalamus. D. none of these options

29.	1 The three main brain scans discussed in the text are the _____. A. CAT, DOG, RAN B. PET, CAT, MRI C. BW, LEF, SS D. KSU, HSU, CSU

30.	2 If you are suddenly startled by the sound of a loud explosion in the building next to you, the _____ nervous system will become dominant. A. peripheral B. somatic C. parasympathetic D. sympathetic

31.	1 A system of glands that releases chemicals into the bloodstream in order to effect behavioral change or maintain normal bodily functions is called the _____. A. nervous system B. alimentary system C. endocrine system D. hypothalamus

32.

4-5 The subcortical structure that looks like two little footballs connected by a thin group of nerve fibers is the _____, whose function is to _____. A. corpus callosum; connect the two cerebral hemispheres B. hypothalamus; regulate the endocrine system C. thalamus; relay sensory information to appropriate cortical areas D. reticular activating system; filter incoming sensory information

33.

2 Which of the following techniques for studying the brain is matched INCORRECTLY? A. lesion techniques: observation of the effects of destruction of selected brain tissue B. electroencephalograms: recording brain activity with electrodes attached to the scalp C. cadaver brain studies: dissection and mapping of various parts of the brain D. none of these options are incorrectly matched

34.	2 If you are accidentally hit on the head and you see flashes of light, most likely the blow activated cells in the _____. A. frontal lobes B. temporal lobes C. occipital lobes D. parietal lobes

35.	4 An action potential travels along a myelinated axon about _____ times faster than along a bare axon. A. 10 B. 30 C. 100 D. 300

36.	2 Higher levels of stimulation will NOT change the _____ of a neuron's firing, but MAY change its firing _____. A. rate; strength B. strength; rate C. direction; speed D. speed; direction

37.

2 Which of the following is FALSE about left-handers? A. Most of them have language areas on the right side of the brain B. Left-handed people are often penalized in a right-handed world C. Left-handed people often recover better from strokes that damage the language area in their brain D. Left-handers generally make better first-basemen

38.	1 CAT stands for _____, while PET stands for _____. A. feline pets; all other pets B. Cute Attractive Tabbies; Picky Egotistical Terriers C. X rays done on cats; X rays done on all other pets D. computerized axial tomography; positron emission tomography

39.	1 Chemicals that are produced by endocrine glands and circulated in the bloodstream to change or maintain bodily functions are called _____. A. vasopressors B. gonadotropins C. hormones D. steroids

40.

1 The BEST definition of myelin is a _____. A. protein membrane that increases the electrical receptivity of axons B. fatty substance that collects inside axons, slowing the rate of action potentials C. fatty insulation that increases the speed at which an action potential moves down an axon D. protein that converts food into energy within the nucleus of a neuron

41.	1 A small wire that conducts electricity to or from brain tissue is called a(n) _____. A. encephalogram B. electrode C. lightening rod D. EEG

42.	2 The next time you see someone at a party who is having trouble walking properly, you might say, "He has had too much to drink, and it went right to his _____." A. RAS B. cerebellum C. frontal lobe D. parietal lobe

43.

2 Natalia is taking a test she did not study for; Juanita is relaxing on the beach. It is likely that Natalia's _____ nervous system is dominant, while Juanita's _____ nervous system is dominant. A. automatic; semi-automatic B. central; peripheral C. sympathetic; parasympathetic D. autonomic; somatic

44.	5 The corpus callosum, the thalamus, and the hypothalamus are all _____. A. subcortical areas B. cortical areas C. brain stem areas D. spinal cord areas

45.

2 Which of the following is NOT a possible theory regarding the origins of dyslexia? A. problems in the visual cortex may prevent integration of visual and auditory information B. abnormalities in Wernicke's area C. brain damage during pregnancy or birth results in lower intellectual functioning D. brain cells are disorganized rather than being arranged in organized columns

46.	4 The _____ serves as the major sensory relay area for the brain. A. hypothalamus B. thalamus C. cortex D. hindbrain

47.	4 Myelin, the fatty insulation surrounding the axon, is required for _____. A. complex cognitive tasks B. complex motor tasks C. increasing the speed of the action potential D. none of these options

48.	4 Split-brain research has indicated that, in most people, the left hemisphere is responsible for _____ abilities. A. musical B. spatial C. artistic D. mathematical

49.	5 The central nervous system _____. A. consists of the brain and spinal cord B. is the most important nervous system C. includes the autonomic and other nervous systems D. all of these options

50.	5 The synapse is the point where _____. A. the soma attaches to the dendrite B. neurotransmitters are manufactured C. information transfers from neuron to neuron D. the action potential begins

51.

2 If the trigger of a gun were being pulled with a lot or just a little pressure, a bullet would exit the gun with the same force once the pressure reached "firing" level. This is known as the _____ principle, and applies to _____ in the neuron as well. A. big-bang; neurotransmitters B. dead-or-alive; synapses C. all-or-nothing; action potentials D. on-or-off; synaptic transfers

52.	4 The control of voluntary movement is found in the _____. A. spinal cord B. frontal lobes C. subcortex D. brain stem

53.

2 Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding current research into an alternative to morphine as a painkiller? A. An extract produced by a frog blocks pain up to 200 times better than morphine, but cannot be reproduced in the laboratory. B. Nicotine dampens pain by binding to acetylcholine receptors, but is too toxic for animal or human use. C. A new drug, ABT-594, blocks both acute and chronic pain, and is currently being assessed for human safety in Europe. D. none of these options is false

54.

4 Your brain _____. A. controls your voluntary behavior, and lets the spinal cord and other systems control your involuntary behavior B. consists of a complex mass of nerve tissue that controls all your voluntary and much of your involuntary behavior C. does its task with very little input from your other organ systems D. none of these options

55.

2 If you are at a rock concert and your date is trying to tell you something important, it is your _____ that helps you filter out sensory input all around you and focus your attention on what your date is saying. A. pons and medulla B. cerebral cortex C. reticular activating system D. auditory cortex

56.	4 Parts of the limbic system, especially the _____, have recently been found to be involved in the formation of new memories. A. pons and medulla B. fornix and hippocampus C. hypothalamus and pituitary D. RAS and thalamus

57.	1 The peripheral nervous system _____. A. is composed of both the brain and the spinal cord B. is less important than the central nervous system C. is contained within the skull and spinal column D. includes all the nerves going to and from the brain and spinal cord

58.	4 The "master endocrine gland", which is actually a part of the brain, that regulates your drives for hunger, thirst, sex, aggression, and controls the pituitary gland, is called the _____. A. hypothalamus B. thalamus C. Adrenal gland D. reticular activating system

59.	1 The name of the bridge that connects your right and left cerebral hemispheres is the _____. A. corpus callosum B. cerebral cortex C. cerebellum D. none of these options

60.	4-5 The _____ in the frontal lobes are responsible for initiating movement, while the _____ is responsible for making movements smooth, coordinated, and on target. A. cortex; cerebellum B. cerebellum; motor control area C. motor control area; cerebellum D. cortex; corpus callosum

61.	4 A main function of the medulla is to _____. A. control automatic bodily functions such as breathing B. coordinate fine motor movement in the fingers and face C. regulate the functioning of the pons D. all of these options

62.

4-5 The association areas are found in the _____, and are involved in _____. A. cerebellum; balance and motor control B. cerebral cortex; thinking, memory, learning, and problem solving C. parietal lobes; associating sensory and motor information D. spinal cord; reflexive actions that require quick associations

63.	2 If you were abducted by aliens and they removed your left frontal lobe, you would be unable to _____. A. move the left side of your body B. move the right side of your body C. feel sensations from the left side of your body D. feel sensations from the right side of your body

64.	4-5 The long tube-like structure attached to a neuron cell body that sends impulses away from the soma toward another neuron is called a(n) _____. A. dendrite B. soma C. myelin sheath D. axon

65.	4 The _____ is involved with your emotional behavior, especially fear and aggression. A. thalamus B. limbic system C. reticular activating system D. projection area

66.	1 Chemical messengers that are secreted into the synapse by axon terminal buttons are called _____. A. ions B. neurotransmitters C. nucleotides D. neurocommunicators

67.	5 The three major parts of a neuron are the _____. A. glia, dendrites, and myelin B. myelin, dendrites, and axon C. dendrites, axon, and soma D. axon, glia, and myelin

68.	5 The frontal, parietal, occipital, and temporal lobes make up the _____. A. brain B. cerebral cortex C. subcortex D. brain stem

69.	2 If your _____ was damaged, you would probably have trouble exhibiting fear and recognizing fear in the faces of others. A. thalamus B. occipital lobe C. frontal lobe D. amygdala

70.

2 When you step on a tack with your left foot, you don't feel the pain until the sensory information from the pressure and pain receptors in the skin of your foot reaches the _____ in the _____ lobe. A. projection area; right parietal B. projection area; left parietal C. association area; right frontal D. association area; left frontal

This is the end of the test. When you have completed all the questions and reviewed your answers, press the button below to grade the test.