2009 Mid-Term Exam Practice

Name:

Matching

Match the terms to the descriptions.

a.	Johann Gutenberg	f.	Flanders
b.	predestination	g.	Nicolaus Copernicus
c.	Leonardo da Vinci	h.	Florence
d.	Isaac Newton	i.	sect
e.	Niccolò Machiavelli	j.	theocracy

a religious group that has broken away from an established church

wrote a guide for rulers on how to gain and keep power

a government run by religious leaders

proposed a heliocentric model of the universe

an artist who made sketches of flying machines centuries before the first airplane

showed that gravity keeps planets in orbit

started a printing revolution

the idea that God long ago decided who would be saved and who would not

the city that produced many Renaissance artists and scholars with the support of the Medici family

10.

a thriving trading region where the northern Renaissance began

Match the terms to the descriptions.

a.	conquistadors	f.	privateers
b.	Jacques Cartier	g.	mercantilism
c.	viceroys	h.	Hernán Cortés
d.	entrepreneurs	i.	Middle Passage
e.	Moctezuma	j.	encomiendas

11.

the trade route that transported African slaves to the Americas

12.

an Aztec emperor

13.

people who take financial risk to make profits

14.

the Spanish who vanquished the Americas

15.

a system used to force Native Americans to labor under brutal conditions

16.

those who ruled Spain’s colonies in the name of the Spanish monarchs

17.

an economic policy based a nation exporting more goods than it imports

18.

an explorer who fought and subdued the Aztecs

19.

claimed much of present-day eastern Canada for France

20.

pirates who operated with the approval of European governments

Match the terms to the descriptions.

a.	Huguenots	f.	dissenters
b.	cabinet	g.	boyars
c.	partition	h.	El Greco
d.	divine right	i.	electors
e.	mercenaries	j.	intendants

21.

the belief that a monarch’s authority comes directly from God

22.

high-ranking government leaders who advise the head of state

23.

landowning Russian nobles under Peter the Great

24.

German princes who chose the Holy Roman emperor

25.

French Protestants whose freedoms were protected by Henry IV

26.

the division of Poland among Russia, Prussia, and Austria

27.

English Protestants who differed with the Church of England

28.

a Greek painter who was a master of the Spanish style

29.

soldiers for hire

30.

royal officials who carried out the policies of Louis XIV

Match the terms to the descriptions.

a.	salon	f.	Montesquieu
b.	Thomas Jefferson	g.	rococo
c.	Diderot	h.	George Washington
d.	George III	i.	Adam Smith
e.	baroque	j.	popular sovereignty

31.

light and delicate artistic style popular during the reign of Louis XV

32.

principle that all government power comes from the people

33.

proposed the idea of separation of powers in government

34.

his government made policies that helped bring about the American Revolution

35.

argued that the forces of supply and demand in a free market can regulate business activity

36.

informal social gathering where Enlightenment thinkers exchanged ideas

37.

helped spread Enlightenment ideas by compiling articles by leading thinkers into a 28-volume work

38.

chosen to command the American forces during the American Revolution

39.

principal author of the Declaration of Independence

40.

grand, ornate style of art and architecture popular during the age of Louis XIV

Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

41.

What resulted from the Peace of Augsburg in 1555?

a.	Martin Luther recanted his 95 Theses.
b.	The Catholic Church banned the sale of indulgences.
c.	Martin Luther was excommunicated from the Catholic Church.
d.	Each German prince could decide the religion for his lands.

42.

Anabaptists believed that infants should not be baptized because

a.	people are sinners from the moment they are born.
b.	children must confess their sins before being baptized.
c.	infants are too young to accept the Christian faith.
d.	God has already determined who will gain salvation.

43.

Humanist scholars differed from medieval thinkers in that humanists

a.	rejected the learning of Greece and Rome.
b.	used Latin as their language for scholarship.
c.	tended to focus more on worldly subjects.
d.	tended to focus more on spirituality.

44.

Sir Thomas More was executed because he

a.	would not stand with Henry VIII against the Protestant revolt.
b.	would not accept Henry VIII as head of the Church in England.
c.	protested the corruption of the Roman Catholic Church.
d.	set up a utopian community based on Calvinist beliefs.

45.

The purpose of the Council of Trent was to

a.	fight Protestantism by rooting out heresy.
b.	spread the Catholic faith to distant lands.
c.	translate the Bible into the vernacular.
d.	direct the reform of the Catholic Church.

46.

In the 1600s, Robert Boyle’s work transformed the field of

a.	medicine.	c.	chemistry.
b.	astronomy.	d.	philosophy.

47.

The age of great change marked by renewed interest in classical learning and the arts is called the

a.	Reformation.	c.	Renaissance.
b.	Middle Ages.	d.	Medieval Enlightenment.

48.

The Last Supper and the Mona Lisa were the work of the great artist

a.	Michelangelo Buonarroti.	c.	Piero della Francesca.
b.	Leonardo da Vinci.	d.	Sandro Botticelli.

49.

What humanist of Northern Europe wrote about his vision of an ideal society, in which people live in peace and harmony?

a.	Sir Thomas More	c.	William Shakespeare
b.	Desiderius Erasmus	d.	François Rabelais

50.

The inventor who perfected the microscope and was the first person to see cells and microorganisms was

a.	Ambroise Paré	c.	Robert Boyle
b.	Andreas Vesalius	d.	Anton van Leeuwenhoek

51.

The calculations of astronomer Johannes Kepler showed that

a.	Earth spins alone at the center of the universe.
b.	the planets move around the sun in oval orbits.
c.	the four moons of Venus move slowly around that planet.
d.	the heavens are in a fixed position in relation to Earth.

52.

What triggered the events that resulted in the formation of the Church of England?

a.	Henry VIII wanted a divorce.
b.	Henry VIII converted to Lutheranism.
c.	The pope would not end Church corruption.
d.	The pope rejected the Act of Supremacy.

53.

Today’s Baptists, Mennonites, and Amish can all trace their religious ancestry to the

a.	Jesuits.	c.	Calvinists.
b.	Church of England.	d.	Anabaptists.

54.

What changes did the Catholic Church make during the Catholic Reformation?

a.	It stopped using the Inquisition to fight Protestantism.
b.	It revised and updated many traditional Catholic beliefs.
c.	It restored a version of the Book of Common Prayer.
d.	It provided penalties for corruption among the clergy.

55.

Many scholars agree that between 1450 and 1750 people’s beliefs in both Christianity and magic led to

a.	a strong allegiance to spiritual leaders.
b.	the persecution of people as witches.
c.	the rise of radical religious sects.
d.	a new spiritualism centered in nature.

56.

In the scientific method, a hypothesis is a

a.	possible explanation to be tested.
b.	conclusion that should not be questioned.
c.	truth that leads to understanding.
d.	truth known at the start of an inquiry.

57.

The southern tip of Africa became known as the Cape of Good Hope because

a.	rounding it gave sailors hope they would return home safely.
b.	rounding it gave sailors a direct sea route to Asia.
c.	it was the sailors’ first sight of land since they left home.
d.	its calm seas provided shelter from the stormy Atlantic.

58.

The Line of Demarcation divided world trade and exploration rights between the

a.	Portuguese and Dutch.	c.	Spanish and English.
b.	Spanish and Portuguese.	d.	English and Dutch.

59.

Who were the Boers?

a.	Africans who followed traditional beliefs rather than Christianity
b.	Indian soldiers who served the British East India Company
c.	Dutch farmers who settled around Cape Town
d.	Muslim traders who brought goods to Mediterranean ports

60.

Large quantities of American silver flowed into the economies of East Asia through what important Spanish trading center?

a.	Malacca	c.	Macao
b.	the Philippines	d.	Futa Toro

61.

In Ming China, why did European traders pay for Chinese silks and porcelains in gold or silver instead of exchanging trade goods?

a.	The Chinese did not want inferior European trade goods.
b.	The Europeans had more gold and silver than trade goods.
c.	The Chinese offered lower prices when paid in gold or silver.
d.	Gold and silver was easier for the Europeans to transport.

62.

After the Japanese, and later the Manchus, invaded Korea, the Koreans responded by

a.	greatly expanding their military.
b.	forming an alliance with Japan.
c.	building a great wall around Korea.
d.	excluding foreigners from their nation.

63.

The first Europeans to challenge Portuguese domination of Asian trade were the

a.	French.	c.	Dutch.
b.	Spanish.	d.	English.

64.

In the 1400s, Europeans searched for new trade routes to obtain valuable spices that came mainly from

a.	Macao.	c.	Mozambique.
b.	the Moluccas.	d.	Mombasa.

65.

How did Portuguese explorer Bartholomeu Dias seek a sea route to Asia in 1460?

a.	He explored the coast of North America.
b.	He explored the coast of Central America.
c.	He rounded the southern tip of Africa.
d.	He rounded the southern tip of South America.

66.

The islands that Christopher Columbus explored in his voyage in 1492 later became known as

a.	the West Indies.	c.	the Philippines.
b.	the East Indies.	d.	the Aleutians.

67.

In 1513, Spanish adventurer Vasco Núñez de Balboa reached the Pacific Ocean by

a.	traveling overland through Panama.
b.	traveling overland through Mexico.
c.	sailing around the tip of South America.
d.	sailing through the Philippine Islands.

68.

How did Europeans usually acquire African captives for the slave trade?

a.	They relied on Dutch traders to bring captives to African ports.
b.	They relied on African traders to bring captives to African ports.
c.	They most often enslaved only people they defeated in battle.
d.	They seized captives through expeditions into Africa’s interior.

69.

What statement best describes the significance of the settlement of Cape Town?

a.	It was an area rich in the spices that Europeans wanted.
b.	It was the first place Europeans traded slaves in Africa.
c.	It was the first Portuguese settlement built in Africa.
d.	It was the first permanent European settlement in Africa.

70.

In the mid-1600s, which nation captured Malacca from the Portuguese and developed a monopoly on trade in the Spice Islands?

a.	England.	c.	France.
b.	the Netherlands.	d.	Spain.

71.

When the Mughal empire weakened, British and French armies fought for power in India with the help of Indian troops known as

a.	Boers.	c.	sepoys.
b.	rajahs.	d.	Gurkhas.

72.

Why did Japanese shoguns turn against foreign traders in the mid-1500s?

a.	The pope declared his plans to make Japan a Christian nation.
b.	A British diplomatic mission insulted the Tokugawa shoguns.
c.	Japan saw foreigners as a threat after Spain seized the Philippines.
d.	Japan saw foreigners as a threat after the Dutch seized Malacca.

73.

To conquer the Aztec empire, Hernán Cortés

a.	formed alliances with conquered people who hated the Aztecs.
b.	gained control of the Aztecs by converting them to Christianity.
c.	persuaded the Aztecs that European trade would be beneficial.
d.	overwhelmed the Aztecs with a superior number of Spanish soldiers.

74.

The conquistador who added the lands of the present-day countries of Peru, Ecuador, and Chile to the Spanish empire was

a.	Olaudah Equiano.	c.	Francisco Pizarro.
b.	Hernán Cortés.	d.	Doña Marina.

75.

At the top of Spanish colonial society were the

a.	creoles.	c.	mestizos.
b.	peninsulares.	d.	mulattoes.

76.

Through the Treaty of Tordesillas in 1494,

a.	Pizarro made peace with the Incas.	c.	Spain claimed its empire of Brazil.
b.	Cortés made peace with the Aztecs.	d.	Portugal claimed its empire of Brazil.

77.

The population of New France grew slowly because

a.	trappers could not get fair prices for their furs.
b.	Native Americans in the region attacked settlers.
c.	the harsh winters kept many French from settling there.
d.	Catholics were prohibited from settling in the colony.

78.

The English colonies of Massachusetts, Pennsylvania, and Maryland were mainly set up as

a.	fur-trading outposts organized for profit.
b.	military outposts to drive out the French.
c.	a place to send convicts from English prisons.
d.	havens for persecuted religious groups.

79.

The first leg of the triangular trade route

a.	brought colonial goods to the West Indies.
b.	brought European goods to Africa.
c.	brought colonial goods to Europe.
d.	brought African slaves to the Americas.

80.

What is an estimate of the number of Africans that probably died in passage to the Americas during the Atlantic slave trade?

a.	2,000	c.	11 million
b.	2 million	d.	800,000

81.

Widespread inflation struck Europe in the mid-1500s due to the increasing amounts of

a.	silver and gold from the Americas.
b.	food shipments from the Americas.
c.	slave labor from the Americas.
d.	raw materials from the Americas.

82.

What mercantilist policy was designed to protect local industries from foreign competition?

a.	Governments imposed new national currency systems.
b.	Tariffs lowered the price of imported goods.
c.	Europeans could not purchase certain imported goods.
d.	Tariffs increased the price of imported goods.

83.

When the Aztec emperor first heard about the arrival of Spanish explorers, he sent them gifts because

a.	he thought they might have been gods.
b.	he wanted European trade goods in exchange.
c.	he hoped to trick them with a friendly gesture.
d.	he hoped to make an alliance with them against his rivals.

84.

The Spanish king maintained strict control over his empire through

a.	his Council of Indies in Spain that monitored colonial officials.
b.	his Council of Viceroys in America that monitored local governors.
c.	his government of conquistadors that ruled each province.
d.	his network of secret police throughout the empire.

85.

To ensure that its colonies would be profitable, Spain

a.	encouraged its colonies to trade with other nations.
b.	encouraged its colonies to trade among themselves.
c.	established strict trade laws for its colonies.
d.	switched workers from agriculture to manufacturing.

86.

In 1607, the English established their first permanent colony in the Americas at

a.	Quebec, Canada.	c.	Plymouth, Massachusetts.
b.	Jamestown, Virginia.	d.	Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

87.

What lands did Britain gain as a result of the Treaty of Paris in 1763?

a.	French territories in central North America.
b.	Dutch sugar-producing islands in the Caribbean.
c.	Spanish territories in present-day Texas and Florida.
d.	Canada and all French lands east of the Mississippi River.

88.

What is true about the economic system of capitalism?

a.	It measures a nation’s real wealth in gold and silver.
b.	It encourages tariffs, or taxes on imported goods.
c.	It encourages bank ownership of most businesses.
d.	It encourages private ownership of most businesses.

89.

The establishment of the “putting-out system” would later lead to

a.	capital and labor joining for the first time.
b.	community-owned manufacturing businesses.
c.	the use of guilds to increase industrial production.
d.	capitalist-owned factories of the Industrial Revolution.

90.

The Mayflower Compact

a.	was a treaty granting land rights to Native Americans.
b.	was a trade agreement between France and New York.
c.	set out guidelines for governing the Virginia colony.
d.	set out guidelines for governing the Plymouth colony.

91.

What did the Spanish do in their effort to gain control of the Incas?

a.	They tried to bribe the Incas with horses.
b.	They offered to share their profits from gold.
c.	They captured the Inca ruler Atahualpa.
d.	They destroyed the Inca capital Tenochtitlán.

92.

Joint stock companies allowed early European capitalists to

a.	control the effects of inflation.
b.	negotiate treaties with foreign nations.
c.	raise large amounts of capital.
d.	organize guilds to protect workers.

93.

The period in European history in the 1500s when rising inflation rose rapidly is known as

a.	the profit revolution.	c.	the capitalist revolution.
b.	the price revolution.	d.	the stock revolution.

94.

An important goal of Philip II of Spain was to

a.	defend the Catholic Reformation.
b.	make peace with England.
c.	end the Inquisition in the Netherlands.
d.	promote religious freedom.

95.

In 1598, the Edict of Nantes helped to ensure

a.	that France and Spain would not unite.
b.	that Germans could choose their own religion.
c.	that French Catholics would not be persecuted.
d.	that French Protestants would not be persecuted.

96.

When the Huguenots left France in the 1680s, their departure

a.	weakened the army of Louis XIV.
b.	seriously hurt the French economy.
c.	destroyed the power base of Henry IV.
d.	damaged the French bureaucracy.

97.

What type of government was created in England by the Glorious Revolution?

a.	absolute monarchy	c.	limited monarchy
b.	republic	d.	democracy

98.

What was a result of the treaty known as the Peace of Westphalia in 1648?

a.	France gained territory on its Spanish and German frontiers.
b.	Germany became united under a strong, central government.
c.	The Netherlands became part of the Hapsburg empire.
d.	Poland was divided among Russia, Prussia, and Austria.

99.

Peter the Great waged war against the Ottoman empire to

a.	break the Ottoman siege of Vienna.
b.	gain a warm-water port on the Mediterranean Sea.
c.	capture the Ottoman port of Constantinople.
d.	gain a warm-water port on the Black Sea.

100.

Under the rule of Catherine the Great,

a.	taxes increased for wealthy landowners.
b.	conditions improved for Russian peasants.
c.	Russia ended its cultural link with the West.
d.	Russia seized lands in eastern Poland.

101.

Under the rule of Philip II, which of these events helped to increase Spanish power?

a.	The Muslims were expelled from Spain.
b.	The Huguenots were expelled from Spain.
c.	The Ottomans were defeated at Lepanto.
d.	The Protestants were defeated in the Netherlands.

102.

How did Louis XIV govern France in 1661 after the death of his chief minister?

a.	He took complete control of the government.
b.	He ruled in partnership with the Estates General.
c.	He tried to share power with all French social classes.
d.	He established a republic known as the Commonwealth.

103.

Louis XIV appointed royal officials from the middle class to his bureaucracy because

a.	he wanted to hear their ideas about governing France.
b.	the appointments persuaded them to support the arts.
c.	they asked to participate in his morning levée ritual.
d.	they helped to check the power of the nobles and Church.

104.

Which group consisted of dissenters who sought to change Catholic practices in the Church of England?

a.	Jacobins	c.	Puritans
b.	Huguenots	d.	Cavaliers

105.

During the English Commonwealth period, the Levellers demanded that

a.	all Christians should have religious freedom.
b.	all citizens should have a voice in government.
c.	the Anglican monarchy should be restored.
d.	King Charles I should be executed.

106.

The Tories were an English political party that

a.	supported broad royal powers.	c.	was dominated by Roman Catholics.
b.	reflected urban business interests.	d.	supported religious toleration.

107.

One effect of the Thirty Years’ War was

a.	the unification of Germany.
b.	the outlawing of mercenaries.
c.	the end of the Holy Roman Empire.
d.	the severe depopulation of Europe.

108.

How did Frederick William I help to unify Prussia after the death of his father in 1713?

a.	He claimed the title of Holy Roman emperor.
b.	He promoted religious tolerance throughout Prussia.
c.	He signed the treaties known as the Peace of Westphalia.
d.	He gave the Junkers positions in the army and government.

109.

By 1750, Prussia and Austria

a.	were competing to develop their overseas empires.
b.	were battling for control of the German states.
c.	had taken major steps toward constitutional government.
d.	had agreed to work together against their chief foe, Russia.

110.

How did Peter the Great gain territory for Russia along the Baltic Sea?

a.	He seized territory from the Ottomans.
b.	He signed a treaty with Quing China.
c.	He won a long war with Sweden.
d.	He won a long war with Denmark.

111.

What contributed to the start of the English Civil War?

a.	Charles I refused to sign the English Bill of Rights.
b.	Charles I refused to sign the Petition of Right.
c.	Parliament executed the chief ministers of Charles I.
d.	Parliament refused to approve the Act of Supremacy.

112.

Which of the following was a reason for the decline of Spain’s power?

a.	The defeat of the English by the Spanish Armanda.	c.	The victory of the Turks over the Spanish fleet at Lepanto.
b.	The expulsion of Muslims & Jews from Spain.	d.	Philip’s centralization of royal authority.

113.

Spain’s greatest writer, the author of Don Quixote, was

a.	Miguel Cervantes	c.	Lope de Vega
b.	El Greco	d.	Diego Velazquez

114.

Cardinal Richelieu is known for

a.	rebelling against Louis XIII.	c.	weakening the power of the Huguenots and nobles.
b.	strengthening the Estates-General.	d.	serving under Louis XIV.

115.

The Dutch and the English wanted to maintain a balance of power to

a.	Allow Phillip V to rule Spain and Germany.	c.	expell Muslims and Jews from Spain.
b.	prevent France from dominating Europe.	d.	support a “splendid century”.

116.

Which country gained territory in the Peace of Westphalia?

a.	Bohemia	c.	Germany
b.	France	d.	the Netherlands

117.

By the 1700’s, which empire included Germans, Slavs, Magyars, and Italians?

a.	the Bohemian Empire	c.	the French Empire
b.	the Hapsburg Empire	d.	the Prussian Empire

118.

At the end of the Seven Years’ War

a.	France controlled Africa	c.	Great Britain had a huge empire
b.	Prussia and Austria were united	d.	Russia was an ally of Britain

119.

In what way was Catherine the Great similar to Peter the Great?

a.	Both governed with the help of the Russian parliament.	c.	Both wanted Russia to develop apart from Western Europe.
b.	Both were born in Germany but became Russian rulers.	d.	Both worked to bring Russia into European politics.

120.

In order to avoid war over Poland, the countries of Russia, Prussia, and Austria

a.	decided to divide Poland among themselves.	c.	allowed Poland to choose its own ruler and form a government.
b.	asked France to decide Poland’s fate.	d.	forced the boyars to emigrate to Poland and form a protectorate.

121.

Peter the Great’s goals for Russia included

a.	increasing the powers of the Russian Orthodox Church.	c.	increasing the powers of the boyars.
b.	eliminating the use of serfs on large estates.	d.	centralizing royal power and strengthening the military.

122.

What rules discoverable by reason did Enlightenment thinkers try to apply to the study of human behavior and society?

a.	natural right	c.	natural law
b.	social contract	d.	divine right

123.

In A Vindication of the Rights of Woman, Mary Wollstonecraft argued that women and men should have equal

a.	property rights.	c.	voting rights.
b.	education.	d.	employment opportunities.

124.

Physiocrats supported a government policy of

a.	laissez faire.	c.	mercantilism.
b.	tariffs.	d.	trade regulation.

125.

Enlightenment writers often faced censorship because they

a.	wrote fiction.	c.	supported traditional ideas.
b.	challenged the old order.	d.	wrote in salons.

126.

An enlightened despot was a ruler who

a.	influenced political and social change.
b.	gave up absolute power.
c.	allowed limited voting rights.
d.	wrote satire to expose corruption.

127.

Which enlightened despot traveled among the peasants in disguise to learn about their problems?

a.	Catherine the Great	c.	Frederick the Great
b.	Maria Theresa	d.	Joseph II

128.

Because the American colonies were home to diverse reglious and ethnic groups,

a.	the colonists tended to support British taxes.
b.	the colonists tended to support British royalty.
c.	social distinctions were more blurred than in Europe.
d.	the colonists did not feel entitled to the rights of English citizens.

129.

Britain passed the Navigation Acts to

a.	support free trade in the colonies.
b.	encourage world exploration.
c.	crack down on smugglers.
d.	regulate colonial trade and manufacturing.

130.

The Battle of Saratoga marked a turning point in the American Revolution because

a.	it was the first American defeat in the war.
b.	the American victory convinced France to support the Revolution.
c.	it caused the British to sign the Treaty of Paris.
d.	the French fleet helped the Americans triumph.

131.

American leaders gathered in Philadelphia in 1787 to revise

a.	the Magna Carta.	c.	the Articles of Confederation.
b.	the Bill of Rights.	d.	the Declaration of Independence.

132.

Enlightenment thinkers were influenced by the idea of natural law that emerged from the

a.	Reformation.	c.	Scientific Revolution.
b.	Glorious Revolution.	d.	Renaissance.

133.

According to Thomas Hobbes, the best form of government is

a.	a federal republic.	c.	a theocracy.
b.	a democracy.	d.	an absolute monarchy.

134.

The system of checks and balances in the United States Constitution was influenced by the ideas of which Enlightenment thinker?

a.	Montesquieu	c.	Rousseau
b.	Voltaire	d.	Diderot

135.

Economist Adam Smith argued that, in a free market, business activity would be regulated by the forces of

a.	wages and prices.	c.	supply and demand.
b.	saving and investment.	d.	manufacturing and trade.

136.

What Enlightenment thinker argued that the purpose of government is to safeguard the natural rights of the people?

a.	Thomas Hobbes	c.	René Descartes
b.	Voltaire	d.	John Locke

137.

Enlightenment writers sometimes tried to avoid censorship by

a.	writing in Latin.	c.	putting false covers on their books.
b.	disguising their ideas as fiction.	d.	supporting a strict class system.

138.

Elegant compositions by Handel, Haydn, and Mozart reflected a new musical style of the Enlightenment known as

a.	classical.	c.	folk.
b.	baroque.	d.	romantic.

139.

In the 1700s, British merchants gained enormous wealth by dominating what type of trade with Spanish America?

a.	tea	c.	cotton
b.	molasses	d.	slaves

140.

Which of the following British laws imposed taxes on such items as newspapers and pamphlets in the American colonies?

a.	Stamp Act	c.	Declaratory Act
b.	Navigation Act	d.	Sugar Act

141.

Which of the following was an advantage of the colonists in the American Revolution?

a.	large money resources for military supplies
b.	a large number of trained soldiers
c.	allies among Native Americans and enslaved people
d.	diverse geography

142.

The Constitution created a federal republic, which divided power between

a.	branches of the state government.	c.	two houses of parliament.
b.	national and state governments.	d.	the government and the people.

143.

The idea of separation of powers in the Constitution was borrowed from Enlightenment thinker

a.	Voltaire.	c.	Rousseau.
b.	Locke.	d.	Montesquieu.

144.

Who wrote that people have a natural right to overthrow a government that violates their rights?

a.	Thomas Hobbes	c.	Immanuel Kant
b.	John Locke	d.	Adam Smith

145.

Influential opponents of the Enlightenment included

a.	church authorities	c.	the philosophes
b.	enlightened despots	d.	Defoe & Haydn

146.

Bach, Handel, Mozart, and Haydn were all Enlightenment

a.	painters	c.	philosphes
b.	musicians	d.	writers

147.

A literary form that developed during the Enlightenment was

a.	the novel	c.	the short story
b.	the epic poem	d.	the lyric poem

148.

How did the French and Indian War lead to the colonists’ dissatisfaction?

a.	Ways of life in the northern and southern colonies began to differ.	c.	The British defeat led to greater French influence in America.
b.	Tensions increased because of the Boston Tea Party.	d.	Colonists had to pay higher taxes to pay for the war effort.

149.

The year 1776 is considered the United States’ birthday because

a.	the Declaration of Independence was adopted	c.	the Constitution was written.
b.	the colonists defeated the British.	d.	the Treaty of Paris ended the Revolutionary War.

150.

What is the purpose of the Bill of Rights?

a.	to place the ideas of Thomas Hobbes in the Constitution.	c.	to recognize that the people have rights the government must protect.
b.	to limit the rights of individuals and strengthen the government.	d.	to recognize that states have special rights.