1.	1Sensation is the process of _____ raw sensory data from the internal and external world and transmitting it to the brain. A. receiving and converting B. selecting and organizing C. receiving and organizing D. selecting, receiving, and organizing

2.	1The process of selecting, organizing, and interpreting sensory data into usable mental representations of the world is called _____. A. perceptual accuracy B. illusory perception C. perception D. extra-sensory perception

3.	1Sensory receptors are _____. A. body cells specialized to detect and respond to stimulus energy B. brain cells specialized to detect and respond to stimulus energy C. both of these options D. none of these options

4.	1 When you first put your clothes on this morning you felt them on your skin, but within minutes you no longer noticed them. This is an example of _____. A. sensory accommodation B. sensory adaptation C. habituation D. the fabric of your life

5.	1 The malleus, incus, and stapes are also called _____. A. the ossicles B. the tiniest bones in the body C. the hammer, anvil, and stirrup D. all of these options

6.	1 Stimulation deafness is _____. A. one of the most common types of nerve deafness B. caused by exposure to loud sounds that damage hair cells C. caused by brief exposure to 150 decibels or greater, or by daily exposure to 85 decibels or higher D. all of these options

7.	1Transduction is the process of converting _____. A. neural impulses into mental representations of the world B. receptors into transmitters C. stimulus energy into neural impulses D. receptors into neural impulses

8.	1The smallest magnitude of a stimulus energy that can be detected is called its _____. A. signal threshold B. difference threshold C. absolute threshold D. detection threshold

9.	1The difference threshold is the smallest magnitude _____. A. of difference in a stimulus energy that can be detected B. of a stimulus energy that can be detected by different people C. of a stimulus energy that can be detected at different times by the same person D. all of these options

10.	1 Body chemicals or odors that effect the behavior of others are called _____. A. androstenones B. epithelial molecules C. pheromones D. olfactory by-products

11.	1 The three body senses are _____. A. pressure, temperature, and pain B. skin, vestibular, and kinetic C. skin, position, and movement D. pain, position, and balance

12.

1 Feature detectors are specialized cells _____. A. in the spinal cord that detect and alert the nervous system to painful stimuli B. in the skin that detect the difference between different kinds of touch C. in the brain that respond only to certain sensory information D. in the eyes that detect and respond only to certain features in the visual field

13.	1A decrease in your sensory system's responsiveness to a continuous stimulus is called _____. A. sensory habituation B. boredom C. sensory accommodation D. sensory adaptation

14.	1_____ is the bulging and flattening of the lens in order to focus images at various distances on the retina. A. Adaptation B. Acquiescence C. Accommodation D. Assimilation

15.	1The blind spot _____. A. is the part of the retina that contains no receptors B. is the area where the optic nerve exits the eye C. both of these options D. none of these options; there's no such thing

16.	1 The nerve that carries visual information from the retina to the brain is called the _____. A. visual nerve B. retinal nerve C. optic chiasm D. optic nerve

17.	1 A subliminal stimulus refers to any stimulus that _____. A. is presented during a person's motivational need state B. actually manipulates people without their knowing about it C. is presented below the threshold of a person's conscious awareness D. none of these options

18.	1 _____ is your ability to perceive distance and three dimensional space. A. Spatial perception B. Visual-spatial perception C. Depth perception D. Visual-depth perception

19.	1 _____ refers to a binocular cue that comes from the separation of the eyes, which causes different images to fall on each retina. A. Stereoscopic vision B. Convergence C. Retinal disparity D. Binocular disparity

20.

1 Interposition is the monocular cue that is based on _____. A. the distinctiveness or blurriness of objects at different distances B. the appearance of convergence at the horizon C. the obscuring of a distant object by an object that is closer D. the smallness of a distant object compared to closer objects

21.	1 The theory of color vision proposed by Thomas Young that says there are three color systems (red, green, and blue) is called the _____. A. tricolor theory B. trichromatic theory C. tripigment theory D. opponent-process theory

22.	1Sensation is the process of _____ raw sensory data from the internal and external world and transmitting it to the brain. A. receiving and converting B. selecting and organizing C. receiving and organizing D. selecting, receiving, and organizing

23.	1Sensory receptors are _____. A. body cells specialized to detect and respond to stimulus energy B. brain cells specialized to detect and respond to stimulus energy C. both of these options D. none of these options

24.	1Transduction is the process of converting _____. A. neural impulses into mental representations of the world B. receptors into transmitters C. stimulus energy into neural impulses D. receptors into neural impulses

25.	1The smallest magnitude of a stimulus energy that can be detected is called its _____. A. signal threshold B. difference threshold C. absolute threshold D. detection threshold

26.	1The visual adjustment that increases the sensitivity of your rods and cones in dim light is called _____. A. light adaptation B. dark adaptation C. habituation D. sensory adaptation

27.	2 The pathway for light energy is _____. A. pupil ® cornea ® lens ® vitreous humor ® retina B. lens ® pupil ® cornea ® aqueous humor ® retina C. cornea ® pupil ® lens ® vitreous humor ® retina D. cornea ® vitreous humor ® pupil ® lens ® retina

28.	2Lamont is working in a photography dark room. When he first entered this room, he experienced visual _____ adaptation, and when he comes out he will experience _____ adaptation. A. light; dark B. sensory; perceptual C. dark; light D. perceptual; sensory

29.	2The reason your parents told you not to put anything smaller than your elbow into your ear was to prevent damage to your _____. A. auditory canal B. tympanic membrane C. oval window D. ossicles

30.	2The malleus, incus, and stapes are also called _____. A. the ossicles B. the tiniest bones in the body C. the hammer, anvil, and stirrup D. all of these options

31.	2 When you have a cold and your nose is congested, which senses are most affected? A. smell and taste B. the chemical senses C. both of these options D. none of these options

32.

2 In a study of the kinesthetic sense, an experimenter intentionally disturbed tendon receptors in participants' wrists using a vibrating device. Participants subsequently reported feeling _____. A. a pins and needles sensation on their wrists B. nothing out of the ordinary C. the existence of multiple forearms D. their arms waving goodbye

33.	2The oval window is most like which other part of the middle ear? A. basilar membrane B. cochlea C. tympanic membrane D. ossicles

34.	2Hair cells are sensory receptors found in the _____. A. cochlea B. semicircular canals C. vestibular sacs D. all of these options

35.	2 Three people standing next to each other were witnesses to a robbery. When asked for a description of the robber, each person gave a different answer. These different interpretations most likely illustrate differences in _____. A. sensation B. perception C. visual acuity D. honesty

36.	2 A thirsty man in the desert looks to the horizon and sees an oasis, but when he arrives at the spot and finds no water he realizes that the oasis was _____. A. a hallucination B. a perceptual error C. 30 miles to the west D. an illusion

37.	2 Which of the following does NOT influence perceptual selection? A. novelty or repetition B. intensity C. contrast or movement D. continuity

38.	2Stimulation deafness is _____. A. one of the most common types of nerve deafness B. caused by exposure to loud sounds that damage hair cells C. caused by brief exposure to 150 decibels or greater, or by daily exposure to 85 decibels or higher D. all of these options

39.	2 What you choose to perceive is determined by _____. A. your current state of satisfaction or deprivation B. your personality C. your interests D. all of these options

40.	2 As a flock of Canadian geese flies overhead in its familiar "V" formation, the geese are seen as _____ and the sky as _____. A. continuity; closure B. a sensation; perception C. figure; ground D. ground; figure

41.

2Based on age and gender, which of the following pairs of people are MOST likely to be beginning to develop some hearing loss? A. Gabriel, who is in his twenties, and Janiece, who is in her sixties B. Amado, who is in his sixties, and Clarece, who is in her twenties C. Jacob and Carolina, who are both in their twenties D. Alexander and Teresita, who are both in their sixties

42.	2When you have a cold and your nose is congested, which senses are most affected? A. smell and taste B. the chemical senses C. both of these options D. none of these options

43.	2Which of the following statements about the lock-and-key theory of olfaction is TRUE? A. each odor molecule fits into only one type of olfactory receptor B. there are only four primary odors C. both of these options D. none of these options

44.	2Body chemicals or odors that effect the behavior of others are called _____. A. androstenones B. epithelial molecules C. pheromones D. olfactory by-products

45.	2The three body senses are _____. A. pressure, temperature, and pain B. skin, vestibular, and kinetic C. skin, position, and movement D. pain, position, and balance

46.	4 Tiny cells on your retina are detecting the contours of the letters on this page and sending that information to your brain. These are your _____ for vision. A. lenses B. receptors C. filters D. transmitters

47.

2 When you see a partially opened door, you know that the door is rectangular even though the image being detected by your retina is a trapezoid. This is an example of the perceptual principle called _____. A. geometrical perceptual consistency B. optical constancy C. shape constancy D. form consistency

48.	2 Which of the following is NOT a monocular cue? A. convergence B. linear perspective C. interposition D. texture gradients

49.

2 Your companion on a train ride through Kansas notices that telephone poles near the tracks are passing by very quickly, while telephone poles in the distance are passing by much more slowly. This is an example of _____. A. motion parallax B. relative motion C. speed perception D. motion parallax and relative motion

50.	2 Which of the following is INCORRECTLY matched? A. telepathy: reading other people's minds B. clairvoyance: knowing what will happen before it happens C. precognition: predicting the future D. psychokinesis: moving objects without touching them

51.	2 Tiny cells on your retina are detecting the contours of the letters on this page and sending that information to your brain. These are your _____ for vision. A. lenses B. receptors C. filters D. transmitters

52.

2 Research with the "visual cliff" suggests that _____. A. humans and animals must learn depth perception through experience B. depth perception is innate in animals, but learned in humans C. some depth perception is inborn, since humans and animals both hesitate in stepping onto the steep side of the "cliff" D. none of these options

53.	4 When we organize patterns in order to perceive an entire stimulus, rather than just its parts, we are using _____ principle of perception. A. the wholistic B. Wundt's C. the Gestalt D. the closure

54.	4 Rods are most sensitive _____, and less sensitive _____. A. to color wavelengths; in dim light B. in dim light; to low amplitude light waves C. in dim light; to color wavelengths D. to color wavelengths; to high amplitude light waves

55.	4With respect to light waves, amplitude determines _____, and wavelength determines _____. A. color; brightness B. brightness; hue C. hue; color D. hue; brightness

56.	4 The cones on the retina respond to _____. A. color and fine detail B. dim light and color C. fine detail and dim light D. color, and dim light

57.	4The frequency of a sound wave is sensed as the _____ of a sound. A. pitch B. intensity C. loudness D. height

58.	4 The sense that is involved when you are sitting up, walking, or riding a bike is called the _____ sense. A. physical B. postural C. athletic D. vestibular

59.

4 The cornea is _____. A. a tough transparent bulging shield that allows light rays to enter the visual system. B. the transparent elastic structure that focuses light on the retina by changing shape C. the area at the back of the eye that contains light receptors D. the colored part of the eye that accommodates in order to focus an image on the lens

60.	4 The _____ is the colored part of the eye that controls the size of the _____ through which light passes into the eye. A. pupil; iris B. iris; optic chiasm C. iris; pupil D. sclera; iris

61.	4 The _____ is the transparent elastic structure that focuses light on the back of the eyes by changing shape. A. pupil B. iris C. fovea D. lens

62.	4 The nerve that carries visual information from the retina to the brain is called the _____. A. visual nerve B. retinal nerve C. optic chiasm D. optic nerve

63.	4 Each semicircular canal contains _____ that moves and bends hair cells and provides information about _____. A. a small bone; position in space B. fluid; balance C. cochlear tissue; balance D. none of these options

64.

4 The retina is _____. A. an area at the back of the eye that contains light receptors shaped like rods and cones B. the point on the fovea that contains only cones, and which is responsible for our clearest vision C. a part of the eye that contains no receptors D. the largest part of the optic nerve

65.	4The skin senses include pressure, pain, and _____. A. posture B. movement C. balance D. warmth and cold

66.	4_____ is the name of the colored part of the eye that consists of muscles that control the size of the pupil. A. Jasmine B. Katie C. Iris D. Samantha

67.	4 The pathway for light energy is _____. A. pupil ® cornea ® lens ® vitreous humor ® retina B. lens ® pupil ® cornea ® aqueous humor ® retina C. cornea ® pupil ® lens ® vitreous humor ® retina D. cornea ® vitreous humor ® pupil ® lens ® retina

68.	4Color vision is BEST explained by the _____ theory at the level of the retina, and by the _____ theory at the level of the thalamus. A. trichromatic; trichromatic B. opponent-process; trichromatic C. opponent-process; opponent-process D. trichromatic; opponent-process

69.	4Rods are most sensitive _____, and less sensitive _____. A. to color wavelengths; in dim light B. in dim light; to low amplitude light waves C. in dim light; to color wavelengths D. to color wavelengths; to high amplitude light waves

70.	4The faintest sound you can detect is _____ decibel(s), and normal conversation measures _____ decibels. A. 1; 10 B. 1; 60 C. 1; 90 D. 10; 100

71.	4You are at a rock concert and the noise level registers 90 decibels. This level of sound _____. A. is not dangerous to your ears if you don't stay too long B. can cause temporary nerve damage to your ears C. can cause permanent nerve damage to your ears D. can cause temporary tinnitus in your ears

72.	5 The blind spot has _____, while the fovea has _____ . A. only cones; both rods and cones B. no receptors; both rods and cones C. only rods; only cones D. no receptors; only cones

73.	5 Hair cells are sensory receptors found in the _____. A. cochlea B. semicircular canals C. vestibular sacs D. all of these options

74.	5 The snail-shaped, fluid-filled structure that contains receptors for hearing is the _____. A. escargot B. cochlea C. vestibular canals D. all of these options

75.	5 Taste receptors are called _____, and are found on the _____ on the tongue. A. papillae; taste buds B. gustatory cells; pores C. taste buds; papillae D. gustatory cells; papillae

76.	5The tubelike structure that receives sound from the outer ear is the _____. A. Earie canal B. rumor pipeline C. wax collector D. auditory canal

77.	5The _____ humor fills the front chamber of the eye and nourishes it, while the _____ humor is a semi-liquid gel that maintains the eye's shape. A. aqueous; vitreous B. vitreous; aqueous C. optic; foveal D. ciliary; retinal

78.	5The sensitive area of the nasal cavity where the smell receptors are located is called the olfactory _____. A. retina B. cochlea C. papillae D. epithelium

79.

5The cornea is _____. A. a tough transparent bulging shield that allows light rays to enter the visual system. B. the transparent elastic structure that focuses light on the retina by changing shape C. the area at the back of the eye that contains light receptors D. the colored part of the eye that accommodates in order to focus an image on the lens

80.	5The curved shield on the front of the eye is the _____. A. pupil B. cornea C. lens D. chorid

81.	5The sclera is the _____. A. clear fluid that nourishes the eye B. colored part of the eye C. white opaque outer wall of the eye D. muscle that focuses the lens of the eye

82.	5The _____ is the colored part of the eye that controls the size of the _____ through which light passes into the eye. A. pupil; iris B. iris; optic chiasm C. iris; pupil D. sclera; iris

83.	5The _____ is the transparent elastic structure that focuses light on the back of the eyes by changing shape. A. pupil B. iris C. fovea D. lens

84.

5 The retina is _____. A. an area at the back of the eye that contains light receptors shaped like rods and cones B. the point on the fovea that contains only cones, and which is responsible for our clearest vision C. a part of the eye that contains no receptors D. the largest part of the optic nerve

85.	5The point on the retina that contains only cones and is responsible for our clearest vision is called the _____. A. focal spot B. photoreceptor C. fovea D. optical illusion

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